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基于15N示蹤技術(shù)的不同水肥條件下玉米氮素利用實(shí)驗(yàn)
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BAD12B01)


Experiment on Nitrogen Utilization of Maize under Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions Based on 15N Tracing Technique
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    摘要:

    為了研究不同水肥條件下玉米對(duì)氮肥的吸收利用情況,試驗(yàn)采用15N示蹤技術(shù),通過設(shè)置3個(gè)灌溉水平(200、400、600m3/hm2)以及5個(gè)施氮水平(0、150、200、250、300kg/hm2)研究了玉米成熟期各器官對(duì)肥料氮和土壤氮的吸收情況,不同水肥處理肥料氮對(duì)土壤氮的激發(fā)規(guī)律以及各處理的氮肥有效率。結(jié)果表明:不同水肥條件下玉米吸收肥料中氮素占總氮量的33.32%~43.54%,吸收土壤中氮素占總氮量的56.46%~66.68%。各器官對(duì)肥料氮的競爭能力不同,由大到小表現(xiàn)為:籽粒、葉、莖。增加施氮量可以適當(dāng)提升玉米對(duì)土壤中氮素的吸收能力,但過量施氮時(shí)必須通過增加灌水量才能使玉米從土壤吸收更多的氮素。當(dāng)灌水量為400m3/hm2,施氮量為250kg/hm2時(shí)產(chǎn)量達(dá)到14063.04kg/hm2,土壤氮庫達(dá)到平衡狀態(tài),既實(shí)現(xiàn)了高產(chǎn)又滿足環(huán)境友好需求。

    Abstract:

    The aim was to study absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer of maize under different water and fertilizer conditions by using the 15N tracer technique. Three irrigation levels (200m3/hm2, 400m3/hm2 and 600m3/hm2) and five nitrogen application levels (0kg/hm2, 150kg/hm2, 200kg/hm2, 250kg/hm2 and 300kg/hm2) were set. The absorption of nitrogen from fertilizer and soil in different organs of maize was studied at maturation stage. Soil nitrogen excitation effect and nitrogen fertilizer efficiency under different water and fertilizer conditions were also studied. The results showed that the nitrogen absorbed from fertilizer by maize accounted for 33.32%~43.54% and the nitrogen absorbed from soil by maize accounted for 56.46%~66.68% under different water and fertilizer conditions. It was showed that soil was the main nitrogen source of maize growth. The different organs’ competitive ability to nitrogen from fertilizer was different, and the expression in a descending trend was grain, leaf and stem. Increasing of nitrogen application could improve the absorption ability of maize to nitrogen from soil, but it was necessary to increase the amount of water when excessive nitrogen was applied, in order to make the maize absorb more nitrogen from soil. The 15N residue in 0~60cm soil layer was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. With the increase of irrigation volume, the residual amount of 15N on the surface was decreased. When the amount of irrigation was 400m3/hm2 and nitrogen applied was 250kg/hm2, the yield reached 14063.04kg/hm2, and the soil nitrogen reservoir was in equilibrium state which not only achieved high production, but also met the needs of environment friendly. The conclusion can provide reference for the management of corn fertilizer and water and the sustainable development of agriculture.

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張忠學(xué),尚文彬,鄭恩楠,陳帥宏,陳鵬,劉明.基于15N示蹤技術(shù)的不同水肥條件下玉米氮素利用實(shí)驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(10):292-299,346. ZHANG Zhongxue, SHANG Wenbin, ZHENG Ennan, CHEN Shuaihong, CHEN Peng, LIU Ming. Experiment on Nitrogen Utilization of Maize under Different Water and Fertilizer Conditions Based on 15N Tracing Technique[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(10):292-299,346.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-04-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-10-10
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