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馬鈴薯種植機(jī)分層施肥開溝器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0200607)、山東省農(nóng)機(jī)裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017TH002)和山東省協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心資金項(xiàng)目(2115002)


Design and Experiment of Separated Layer Fertilization Furrow Opener for Potato Planter
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    摘要:

    針對目前我國馬鈴薯種植機(jī)普遍存在的肥料定位不精確問題,結(jié)合馬鈴薯根系分布規(guī)律和一壟二行種植模式特點(diǎn),提出了一種基于曲面排肥與V型防堵結(jié)構(gòu)的分層施肥技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)了深度可調(diào)式分層施肥開溝器,研究了土壤與開溝部件之間運(yùn)動(dòng)關(guān)系,并對肥料在曲面分肥板上的運(yùn)動(dòng)規(guī)律進(jìn)行了理論分析;以下層排肥量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了單因素試驗(yàn),確定了排肥器最佳槽輪工作長度;在此條件下,以排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速和曲面分肥板斜面傾角為試驗(yàn)因素,上層排肥盒左右側(cè)排肥一致性變異系數(shù)為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了通用旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),運(yùn)用DPS和Matlab軟件進(jìn)行回歸方程顯著性分析和參數(shù)優(yōu)化,得出最佳因素組合為排肥軸轉(zhuǎn)速20.5r/min,曲面分肥板斜面傾角15°,此時(shí)上層排肥盒左右側(cè)排肥一致性變異系數(shù)為3.30%。最優(yōu)參數(shù)下的重復(fù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,平均上層排肥盒左右側(cè)排肥一致性變異系數(shù)為3.71%,試驗(yàn)值與理論值相近;田間排肥性能試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該開溝器作業(yè)流暢,排肥性能滿足馬鈴薯施肥要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the inaccuracy of fertilizer location in potato planter popularized in China, combined with the distribution law of potato root system and the planting pattern characteristics of one ridge two rows for potato, and the separated layer fertilization technology based on surface drainage and V type anti blocking structure was proposed. The design and analysis of separated layer fertilization furrow opener and a depth adjustable separated layer fertilization furrow opener was developed. The motion relationship between the soil and furrow opener was studied, and the movement process of fertilizer on curved surface fertilizing plate was analyzed. The variation coefficient of the stability of the lower layer was experimented by single factor bench test, and the optimum working length of groove wheel was 50mm. Under the condition of optimum working length of groove wheel, the quadratic universal rotary assembly experiment of two factors were carried out with the rotation speed of manure shaft and the curved surface angle of fertilizing plate as experimental factors, the variation coefficient of the stability of left and right sides for upper layer fertilizing box as experimental index. The saliency analysis of regression equation and parameter optimization were obtained by using the DPS and Matlab software. The results showed that the rotation speed of fertilizing shaft of 20.5r/min and the curved surface angle of fertilizing plate of 15° were the best combination factors, which led to the variation coefficient of the stability of left and right sides for upper layer fertilizing box of 3.30%. Five repeated experiments were carried out under the optimal parameters. The results showed that the average variation coefficient of the stability of left and right sides for upper layer fertilizing box was 3.71%, and the experimental value was similar to that of the theoretical value. Meanwhile, the field performance experiment showed that the performance of separated layer fertilization furrow opener completely met the relevant standards of potato planting.

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楊然兵,楊紅光,連政國,張 還,郭 棟,鄭媛媛.馬鈴薯種植機(jī)分層施肥開溝器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(11):104-113. YANG Ranbing, YANG Hongguang, LIAN Zhengguo, ZHANG Huan, GUO Dong, ZHENG Yuanyuan. Design and Experiment of Separated Layer Fertilization Furrow Opener for Potato Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):104-113.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-05-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-11-10