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黑土區(qū)節(jié)水灌溉對(duì)各期肥料氮素在土壤中殘留的影響
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400108)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(51779046)


Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Residues of Different Periods Fertilizer Nitrogen in Black Soils
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    摘要:

    為揭示松嫩平原低溫黑土區(qū)節(jié)水灌溉模式下肥料氮素在稻田土壤中的殘留情況,采用在田間小區(qū)內(nèi)原位設(shè)置15N示蹤微區(qū)的方法,分別標(biāo)記施用的基肥、蘗肥、穗肥,以常規(guī)淹灌模式作為對(duì)照,研究了稻作控制灌溉模式下水稻收獲后各期肥料氮素在稻田土壤中的殘留情況,以及殘留在稻田土壤中的肥料氮素在0~60cm土層的分布。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,不同施氮水平下稻作控制灌溉模式基肥氮素在稻田土壤中的殘留率為29.7%~32.7%;蘗肥氮素的殘留率為54.9%~57.3%;穗肥氮素的殘留率為29.4%~35.4%;肥料氮素在土壤中的總殘留率為36.4%~37.1%,相同施氮量下稻作控制灌溉模式下各期肥料氮素在土壤中的殘留率均高于常規(guī)淹灌,且相同施氮水平不同灌溉模式下肥料氮素在相同深度土層中的殘留量差異顯著,不同施氮量下稻作控制灌溉模式水稻生長(zhǎng)期內(nèi)施用的基肥、蘗肥、穗肥氮素在稻田表層土壤(0~20cm)中的殘留量均高于常規(guī)淹灌模式;而在20~40cm和40~60cm土層的殘留量均低于常規(guī)淹灌,與常規(guī)淹灌相比,稻作控制灌溉模式可以提高肥料氮素在根區(qū)土壤(0~20cm)中的殘留量,減少了肥料氮素?fù)p失,同時(shí)殘留的肥料氮素可以在一定程度上補(bǔ)充黑土區(qū)的土壤氮庫(kù),有利于黑土區(qū)稻田土壤的保護(hù)及肥力的提升。相關(guān)性分析表明:肥料氮素在土壤中的總殘留量除與各時(shí)期肥料氮素在土壤中的殘留量呈極顯著正相關(guān)外,與基肥和穗肥氮素在表層土壤的殘留量呈顯著正相關(guān)。研究結(jié)果可為制定黑土區(qū)稻田適宜的水氮調(diào)控模式,有效管理和充分利用土壤殘留氮肥,改善黑土區(qū)稻田生態(tài)環(huán)境提供參考。

    Abstract:

    In order to reveal the residue of fertilizer nitrogen in paddy soil under the watersaving irrigation model in the low temperature black soil area of Songnen Plain, two irrigation modes were set up in the field experiment, which were controlled irrigation and conventional flooding, and three nitrogen levels (85kg/hm2, 110kg/hm2 and 135kg/hm2) and six treatments. At the same time, by using the method of 15N tracer in situ in the field plot, the basal, tillering and panicle nitrogen fertilizers were labeled and treated with a total of 18 parts. The residue of fertilizer nitrogen in paddy soil after rice harvest was studied, and the distribution of fertilizer nitrogen in 0~60cm soil in paddy field was investigated. The results showed that the residual rate of basal nitrogen in paddy soil was 29.7%~32.7% under different nitrogen levels, and the residue rate of tillering fertilizer was 54.9%~57.3%, and the residue rate of panicle was 29.4%~35.4%; the total residue rate of fertilizer nitrogen in soil was 36.4%~37.1%, the residual rate of the fertilizer nitrogen in the soil was higher than that of the conventional flooding irrigation under the same nitrogen application. There were significant differences in the residues of fertilizer nitrogen in the same depth soil under different irrigation modes. Under different nitrogen application conditions, the residue in rice paddy soil (0~20cm) was higher than that in the normal flooded irrigation mode during the growth period of paddyfield. The residual amount of 20~40cm and 40~60cm soil was lower than that of conventional flooded irrigation. Compared with the conventional flooding irrigation, the riceirrigated model can improve the residue of fertilizer nitrogen in root soil (0~20cm), and reduce the loss of fertilizer nitrogen, and the residual fertilizer nitrogen can supplement the soil nitrogen reservoir in the black soil area to some extent. It was beneficial to soil protection and fertility improvement of paddy field in black soil area. The correlation analysis showed that the total residue of fertilizer nitrogen in soil was positively correlated with the residue of fertilizer nitrogen in soil, and the residue of basal and spike fertilizer was significantly positive. The research results provided a reference for the formulation of suitable water and nitrogen regulation model in the black soil region, effectively managed and made full use of residual nitrogen fertilizer, and improved the paddy field ecological environment in black soil area.

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張忠學(xué),陳 鵬,陳帥宏,尚文彬,姜麗莉,侯景翔.黑土區(qū)節(jié)水灌溉對(duì)各期肥料氮素在土壤中殘留的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(11):240-250. ZHANG Zhongxue, CHEN Peng, CHEN Shuaihong, SHANG Wenbin, JIANG Lili, HOU Jingxiang. Effects of Water-saving Irrigation on Residues of Different Periods Fertilizer Nitrogen in Black Soils[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(11):240-250.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-06-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2018-11-10
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