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咸淡水交替灌溉對濱海墾區(qū)夏玉米生理生長的影響
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400200)和國家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項(xiàng)目(51409086)


Effect of Alternate Irrigation with Fresh and Slight Saline Water on Physiological Growth of Summer Maize in Coastal Reclamation Area
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    我國東部濱海地區(qū)擁有大量灘涂和微咸水資源,但土壤含鹽量高、淡水資源缺乏,探究合理的咸淡水交替灌溉方法,可以促進(jìn)濱海墾區(qū)土地資源的高效利用。選取江蘇省濱海墾區(qū)典型土壤,使用3種不同礦化度(1、3、5g/L)的微咸水在夏玉米3個(gè)不同生育期(壯苗期、拔節(jié)抽雄期、灌漿成熟期)進(jìn)行咸淡交替灌溉(“咸淡淡”、“淡咸淡”、“淡淡咸”)盆栽試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果表明,微咸水灌溉后土壤上層積鹽明顯,夏玉米葉片的凈光合速率(Pn)、氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)減小,胞間CO2濃度(Ci)由于氣孔限制而減小,但隨著礦化度的增大,非氣孔限制引起Ci增大。微咸水灌溉后夏玉米葉片中過氧化氫(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量增加,同時(shí)伴隨著超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過氧化物酶(POD)和過氧化氫酶(CAT)酶活性的增強(qiáng)。高礦化度咸淡水交替灌溉抑制了玉米的生長和生產(chǎn),拔節(jié)抽雄期夏玉米耗水量大幅增加,導(dǎo)致微咸水灌溉量增加,鹽分脅迫最強(qiáng)烈,致使”淡咸淡”的灌溉方式表現(xiàn)最差。夏玉米在灌漿成熟期的抗性增強(qiáng),此時(shí)微咸水灌溉對各生理指標(biāo)影響較弱。在濱海墾區(qū)進(jìn)行夏玉米種植,可在壯苗期采用較低礦化度的微咸水進(jìn)行灌溉,而較高礦化度的微咸水僅適合在灌漿成熟期進(jìn)行。

    Abstract:

    Coastal areas in eastern China have a large amount of reclaimed land and slight saline water resources. In order to exploit the reasonable and sustainable utilization of them, a pot experiment was carried out to investigate the characteristics of soil salinity, photosynthesis parameters, oxidation parameters, antioxidant enzymes activities, growth, yield and water use efficiency of summer maize (Zea mays L.) subjected to three alternate sequences (i.e., BFF: in which maize was irrigated with saline water at the seedling stage and fresh water at other stages;FBF: in which saline water was irrigated at the jointing stage and fresh water at other stages;FFB: in which plants were watered with saline water at the reproductive stage and fresh water at other stages) with three levels (i.e., 1 was 1g/L NaCl;3 was 3g/L NaCl;5 was 5g/L NaCl). The result showed that under the same salinity of saline water irrigation, the descending order of soil salt content distribution in upper layer was FBF,F(xiàn)FB and BFF. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and stomatal conductance (Gs) of summer maize leaves under slight saline water irrigation were decreased compared with that under fresh water irrigation throughout the whole growth period (CK). Under the same salinity irrigation, the descending order of Pn and Gs was FFB, BFF and FBF. Intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (Ci) was decreased due to stomatal limitation, but with the increase of irrigation water salinity, non-stomatal limitation caused Ci to increase in 5g/L treatment. FBF5 had a maximum increase of 19.44% at 81d and FFB5 had a minimum increase of 1.38% at 108d. Hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) in maize leaves under saline irrigation was higher than those under freshwater irrigation. At the same time, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were also increased. However, limitation of the activities of POD and CAT was observed in FBF5 treatment, but it was still higher than those of CK by 37.67% and 13.71%. Compared with CK, alternate irrigation with fresh and slight saline water inhibited the growth and production of maize, resulting in the reduction of plant height, leaf area, growth, yield and water use efficiency. In addition, these adverse effects were more evident in BFF and FBF, because the salt resistance of summer maize was not fully developed and it was more sensitive to salt stress caused by brackish water irrigation. Maize suffered from the most deleterious impact due to saline irrigation during the jointing stage, leading to the most loss of growth and yield. It was confirmed that although maize became more tolerance as crops developing, enhanced crop evapotranspiration also caused more intense salt stress at the jointing stage. Its increasing salt resistance was still insufficient to overcome the corresponding salt stress. In all alternate sequences,the order of water use efficiency (WUE) of summer maize from high to low was FBF,BFF and FFB. As the degree of salinity was increased, the WUE of FBF5 was the lowest, which was decreased by 38.04% compared with that of CK. Based on the analysis of the experimental results, 1g/L and 3g/L salinity water irrigation can be applied at the seedling stage with negligent negative impacts on maize production, and higher salinity irrigation can be used at the reproductive stage, while freshwater irrigation was more appropriate during the jointing stage.

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朱成立,強(qiáng)超,黃明逸,翟亞明,呂雯.咸淡水交替灌溉對濱海墾區(qū)夏玉米生理生長的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(12):253-261. ZHU Chengli, QIANG Chao, HUANG Mingyi, ZHAI Yaming, Lü Wen. Effect of Alternate Irrigation with Fresh and Slight Saline Water on Physiological Growth of Summer Maize in Coastal Reclamation Area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(12):253-261.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-06-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-12-10
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