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氣力集排式水稻排種系統(tǒng)播量控制模型研究
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51505243)、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700704)、江蘇省重點研發(fā)計劃項目(BE2016342)和中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項(S201702)


Establishment of Seeding Amount Control Model for Centralized Pneumatic Metering System for Rice
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    摘要:

    水稻排種器播量調(diào)整多采用排種槽有效長度調(diào)節(jié)或排種輪與機具前進(jìn)速比調(diào)節(jié),播量調(diào)整精度有限。為了提高氣力集排式排種系統(tǒng)播量調(diào)節(jié)精度,針對生產(chǎn)中常用的4種不同含水率稻種狀態(tài),以種層高度、排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速為試驗因素,以排種輪單圈排量為試驗指標(biāo)開展試驗研究,分析各作業(yè)過程中的動態(tài)變化參數(shù)對排種輪單圈排量的影響規(guī)律。試驗表明:不同稻種狀態(tài)下單圈排量均隨著排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速的升高而降低,當(dāng)種層高度一定時,二者成反比關(guān)系;單圈排量隨種層高度的升高呈先增大后減小的趨勢變化,不同稻種狀態(tài)下的單圈排量最大值出現(xiàn)在種層高度為25.35~31.55cm處;4種不同稻種狀態(tài)下,單圈排量由大到小依次是干稻種、晾干2d、晾干1d、濕稻種,單圈排量隨種子含水率的升高而降低。通過二元回歸分析擬合出4種常見稻種狀態(tài)下單圈排量與種層高度、排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速的回歸模型,并構(gòu)建了基于排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速調(diào)控的播量控制模型。在室內(nèi)搭建了控制系統(tǒng)試驗平臺對播量控制模型進(jìn)行了驗證試驗,試驗顯示構(gòu)建的播量控制模型平均誤差2.07%,實際播量變異系數(shù)為2.59%,驗證結(jié)果與播量控制模型基本一致。本文建立了多因素影響下的水稻播量控制模型,明確了種層高度、排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速、稻種含水率對單圈排量的影響規(guī)律,可為水稻直播機播量控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計與優(yōu)化提供借鑒。

    Abstract:

    Rice is one of the most important food crops in China. Rice direct seeding is becoming more and more popular in China for its low-input demand. A centralized pneumatic metering system for rice direct seeding was involved, which distributed seeds to 33 rows through only one metering system. There were two main ways to adjust the seeding amount of a rice seeder. One was the effective length adjustment of seed meter and the other one was the adjustment of speed ratio of metering wheel and machine. Either way treated seeding rate of each turn (SRE) as a fixed value, and the accuracy of seeding rate adjustment was poor. Seed height (h), speed of the seed metering wheel (n) and seed moisture content were the key factors for SRE of the metering system. In order to improve the accuracy of seeding rater of the centralized pneumatic metering system, experiments were carried out through a metering device test-bed JPS-12, seed height (h) and speed of the seed metering wheel (n) under four different moisture contents of seeds were selected as the experimental factor while SRE was selected as the test index. The effect of seed height (h), speed of seed metering wheel (n) and seed moisture content on SRE was revealed by the analysis of the test data. The experiment showed that SRE of different seed moisture content was decreased with the increase of rotation speed of the metering wheel. When the height of the seed height was fixed, the two was inverse ratio. SRE was increased at first and then decreased with the increase of seed height, and the maximum of SRE appeared when the seed height was between 25.35cm and 31.55cm. Under the four different seed moisture contents, SRE from large to small were dry seed, seed that dried two days, seed that dried one day and wet seed, and SRE was decreased with the increase of seed moisture content. With two-regression analysis, the regression model of SRE with seed height and speed of the seed metering wheel under four different seed moisture contents was acquired, and a seeding amount control model based on the control of speed of the seed metering wheel was constructed. The test platform was built to test the seeding amount control model. The average error of the control model was 2.07%, and the actual sowing quantity variation coefficient was 2.59%. The verification results were basically consistent with the control model. The control model of rice seeding amount under the influence of multiple factors was established. The influence of seed height, speed of the seed metering wheel and seed moisture content on SRE was clarified, which could be used for the design and optimization of rice seeding amount control system.

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祁兵,張文毅,余山山,紀(jì)要,李坤,張書彥.氣力集排式水稻排種系統(tǒng)播量控制模型研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2018,49(s1):125-131. QI Bing, ZHANG Wenyi, YU Shanshan, JI Yao, LI Kun, ZHANG Shuyan. Establishment of Seeding Amount Control Model for Centralized Pneumatic Metering System for Rice[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):125-131.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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