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氣力輸送式小麥免耕施肥播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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山東省農(nóng)機(jī)裝備創(chuàng)新研發(fā)項(xiàng)目(NJGG201502)和山東省高等學(xué)校優(yōu)勢(shì)學(xué)科人才團(tuán)隊(duì)培育計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目


Design and Experiment of Wheat Planter by Pneumatic Conveying with No-tillage
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)山東省土地經(jīng)營(yíng)模式的轉(zhuǎn)變,小麥玉米一年兩熟輪作制度導(dǎo)致小麥播種時(shí)間緊張且現(xiàn)有機(jī)械工作效率低的問題,設(shè)計(jì)了小麥氣力式高效免耕施肥播種機(jī),一遍作業(yè)可一次性完成滅茬、施肥、播種、覆土、鎮(zhèn)壓等工作。采用了集排式氣流排種/肥裝置,該裝置利用同一風(fēng)道對(duì)排出的種子和肥料進(jìn)行同時(shí)輸送,在保證種/肥同步的同時(shí)又提高了排種/肥的效率和均勻性;利用燕尾槽式布種器進(jìn)行布種作業(yè),達(dá)到了寬苗帶效果;對(duì)整機(jī)進(jìn)行了田間試驗(yàn)測(cè)試,測(cè)試結(jié)果表明,機(jī)具通過(guò)性良好,播種深度合格率、施肥深度合格率以及種肥間距合格率分別為93.0%、93.6%和85.4%,變異系數(shù)分別為4.7%、2.8%、5.3%;平均苗帶寬度為11.83cm,合格率為94.5%,變異系數(shù)為4.2%,各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)與理論設(shè)計(jì)差異不顯著且符合農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    At present, the land management mode in Shandong has changed. The rotation system of wheat and corn is two ripe for one year. The situation causes wheat sowing time become tense, and the existing machinery is inefficient. In order to solve the above problems, a kind of wheat planter was developed by pneumatic conveying with no-tillage. The seeding machine can finish stubble, fertilizing, sowing, covering and pressing at one time. The pneumatic conveying seeds/fertilizers device was utilized in seeds and fertilizers discharging device of wheat planter, which used the same air duct to simultaneously transport the discharged seeds and fertilizers. The form of seeds/fertilizers transportation was the combination of mechanical trough wheel and pneumatic conveying. The diameter of the grooved wheel was 60mm and its effective length was 1100mm. This kind of seeds metering device could improve the efficiency and uniformity of seeds/fertilizers at the same time, which ensured the synchronization of seeds/fertilizers. And the velocity of air flow was determined to be 24m/s. The seeds and fertilizers settling chamber were designed according to the principle of cyclone separator. Their diameter was determined to be 102mm, and the ratio of height to height was 3.5. According to the agricultural requirements of wide band seedling, the structure of wide mouth swallowtail type seeds arrangement device was adopted. The shape of the seeds outlet was “saddle” with high in the middle and low on both sides. The width of the seedling band could reach 12cm. The soil covering device was counter rotating auger to cover the soil from both sides to the middle. It could effectively ensure the consistency of the covering depth and the smoothness of the surface after sowing, which laid the foundation for the uniformity of planting depth. The whole machine was tested in the field. The test results showed that the machine with good trafficability characteristic. The qualification rate of seeds depth was 93.0%, the qualified rate of fertilizers depth was 93.6% and the qualified rate of spacing between seeds and fertilizers was 85.4%. The coefficient of variation was 4.7%, 2.8% and 5.3%, respectively. The average width of the seedling belt was 11.83cm. The qualified rate was 94.5% with the coefficient of variation of 4.2%. The indexes fully conformed to the requirements of the design and agronomy.

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于興瑞,耿端陽(yáng),杜瑞成,金誠(chéng)謙,楊善東,鹿秀鳳.氣力輸送式小麥免耕施肥播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(s1):141-148. YU Xingrui, GENG Duanyang, DU Ruicheng, JIN Chengqian, YANG Shandong, LU Xiufeng. Design and Experiment of Wheat Planter by Pneumatic Conveying with No-tillage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):141-148.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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