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基于姿態(tài)實時監(jiān)測的多路精準排肥播種控制系統(tǒng)研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0200600、2016YFD0200601)


Design of Multipath Precision Fertilizer and Sowing Control System Based on Attitude Real Time Monitoring
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有精準排肥播種控制系統(tǒng)缺少對機具姿態(tài)進行監(jiān)測判別的現(xiàn)狀,在現(xiàn)有精準排肥播種控制系統(tǒng)架構基礎上,增加了機具作業(yè)姿態(tài)實時監(jiān)測模塊,使系統(tǒng)可以根據(jù)機具的實時前進速度和作業(yè)姿態(tài)自動控制排肥量和播種量,減少人員對系統(tǒng)的操作。該系統(tǒng)主要由車載控制終端、PID控制器、多路集成比例閥、光電轉速測試碼盤、機具姿態(tài)解析模塊、機具位置與速度解析模塊、液壓馬達等組成,其中機具姿態(tài)解析模塊采用MPU6050芯片實時測量下拉桿與機架的俯仰角,應用STM32F103MCU芯片實時獲取MPU6050芯片的輸出數(shù)據(jù),并反饋到車載控制終端,封裝后的機具姿態(tài)解析模塊安裝在拖拉機三點懸掛的下拉桿中部,對下拉桿與水平面的夾角數(shù)據(jù)進行實時記錄和反饋,判別機具的作業(yè)姿態(tài)是否處于工作狀態(tài)。將該控制系統(tǒng)安裝在小麥基肥精準分層施肥播種機上,在北京市昌平區(qū)小湯山國家精準農業(yè)研究示范基地,對該控制系統(tǒng)進行靜態(tài)標定和動態(tài)試驗,以檢測可靠性和穩(wěn)定性。靜態(tài)標定試驗結果顯示,馬達轉速與系統(tǒng)的排肥排種量存在一元線性關系,此時淺層肥料、深層肥料和種子的單圈排量分別為16.97、29.31、11.2g;姿態(tài)標定結果表明,設置臨界角為5.3°時,系統(tǒng)的機具姿態(tài)提示信息正確,能夠滿足姿態(tài)監(jiān)測的要求;動態(tài)試驗表明,機具工作狀態(tài)下,淺層肥料、深層肥料和種子排量變異系數(shù)分別為3.5%、3.8%和3%,3路的排量偏差都控制在5%以內,機具抬升狀態(tài)下,排肥排種軸處于靜止狀態(tài),說明該系統(tǒng)的運行過程總體比較穩(wěn)定,能夠滿足小麥基肥分層施肥播種機具的精量排肥排種的作業(yè)要求,同時能夠減少人為操作流程。

    Abstract:

    Winter wheat is the most important crop in Huang-Huai-Hai (HHH) zone of China. Fertilization is an important process of wheat production, which directly affects the yield of crops, reasonable and effective use of chemical fertilizer can improve the yield of crops. At present, the automation level of wheat sowing and fertilization is very low in China, most of the sowing and fertilization machines are driven by ground wheels, the amount of sowing and fertilizer cannot be controlled accurately which caused the uneven distribution. In order to reduce the amount of fertilizer and improve the work quality in wheat production, agronomic method and precision control technology must be used to improve the performance of the sowing and fertilization machines. The method of stratified fertilization and sowing is an ideal agronomic method of winter wheat production in HHH zone of China. A control system of multipath precision fertilizer and sowing was designed based on attitude real time monitoring. The precision control system was designed to achieve the requirements of the precision operation. The angle sensor was installed in the middle of lower link of tractor, which was used to judge the working attitude of machine. Its working principle was hydraulic motor driven sowing and fertilization, the amount was adjusted according to the change of the machine’s speed obtained by GPS. The amount of the seed, the shallow fertilizer and the deep fertilizer can be controlled independently. The sowing and fertilization working performance of the control system was tested in static and dynamic condition. The coefficient of variation of seed, the shallow fertilizer and the deep fertilizer was within 3%, 3.5% and 3.8% at speed of 5 km/h and target displacement of 225kg/hm2, 150kg/hm2 and 300kg/hm2, respectively. The result showed that the amount of sowing and fertilization consistency was good and relatively constant, variation coefficient of each row was small at the same speed, which can meet the requirement of the actual production.

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祝清震,武廣偉,羅長海,魏學禮,王曉鷗,孟志軍.基于姿態(tài)實時監(jiān)測的多路精準排肥播種控制系統(tǒng)研究[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(s1):155-163. ZHU Qingzhen, WU Guangwei, LUO Changhai, WEI Xueli, WANG Xiaoou, MENG Zhijun. Design of Multipath Precision Fertilizer and Sowing Control System Based on Attitude Real Time Monitoring[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):155-163.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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