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玉米全膜雙壟溝殘膜回收機(jī)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201503105)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51775115、51405086)


Improved Design and Experiment of Collector for Corn Whole Plastic Film Mulching on Double Ridges
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有玉米全膜雙壟溝殘膜回收機(jī)作業(yè)過程中存在起膜齒仿形效果差、易擁堵,以及卷膜輥集膜、卸膜性能不理想等問題,對(duì)該機(jī)具的仿形彈齒部分和卷膜裝置部分進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)。整個(gè)仿形彈齒由多個(gè)單鉸接起膜齒和凸輪軸組成,每個(gè)單鉸接起膜齒在凸輪軸的作用下可以實(shí)現(xiàn)單獨(dú)仿形,且能完成相鄰兩起膜齒在空間上的間歇運(yùn)動(dòng),以解決起膜裝置局部仿形能力差、壅土及相互摟膜干涉問題;卷膜裝置由主、從動(dòng)滾筒及變徑卷膜輥組成,其中,改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)的變徑卷膜輥依靠手動(dòng)拉桿和內(nèi)置彈簧實(shí)現(xiàn)外輪廓直徑可變,優(yōu)化后的活動(dòng)葉片通過內(nèi)外齒的嚙合使其在打開與閉合狀態(tài)下都能保證其外輪廓為“封閉”的圓柱體,從動(dòng)滾筒外圍加裝了人字形輸送齒,使得卷膜裝置整體在工作時(shí)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)更加平穩(wěn),變徑卷膜輥與主、從動(dòng)滾筒可以始終保持接觸,避免了因摩擦力突變引起的變徑卷膜輥在主、從動(dòng)滾筒上方停滯不轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的現(xiàn)象。通過分析偏心撥齒滾筒的摟集、拋送和脫落過程,確定了偏心撥齒滾筒的最小轉(zhuǎn)速為164.92r/min。結(jié)合正交試驗(yàn),以地膜回收率、纏膜率和含土率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),應(yīng)用綜合評(píng)分法得出作業(yè)機(jī)工作時(shí)各顯著性參數(shù)對(duì)其各指標(biāo)的綜合性能影響主次順序?yàn)椋簷C(jī)具前進(jìn)速度、反向刮膜板轉(zhuǎn)速、偏心撥齒滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速、凸輪軸轉(zhuǎn)速。田間試驗(yàn)表明,在機(jī)具作業(yè)3.km/h、輸送輥轉(zhuǎn)速140.4r/min、凸輪軸轉(zhuǎn)速130.6r/min、偏心撥齒滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速為183.6r/min、反向刮膜板軸轉(zhuǎn)速為120.8r/min時(shí),殘膜回收率為90.26%,纏膜率為1.94%,含土率為25.41%,滿足全膜雙壟溝殘膜回收技術(shù)要求,為殘膜回收機(jī)具的設(shè)計(jì)提供了參考依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of poor profiling effect, easy congestion, unsatisfactory film collecting and unloading performance of the existing collector machine for corn whole plastic film mulching on double ridges, the improved design of part of profiling elastic tooth and film rolling device of the machine were carried out. The profiling teeth were made up of a plurality of single articulated film tooth and camshafts. Each single articulated film tooth can be modeled individually, and the two adjacent film teeth were arranged in space under the action of camshaft, so as to solve the problem of poor local copying ability, the soil and interference of cuddle film. The film rolling device was made up of driving roller, driven roller and curl-up film roller with variable diameter. Among them, relying on the manual pull rod and the built-in spring, the outer contour diameter of curl-up film roller was achieved. The optimized movable blade can ensure that its outer contour was a closed cylinder through the engagement of the inner and outer teeth. And the outer ring of the driven roller was installed with the conveyer teeth, so that the whole roll film device can operate more smoothly in the work, and the curl-up film roller with variable diameter can always keep in contact with the driving roller and the driven roller. It avoided the phenomenon that the curl-up film roller with variable diameter stayed on the top of driving and driven roller because of the sudden change of friction force. By analyzing the assembling, throwing and dropping process of the eccentric gear roller, the minimum rotation speed of the eccentric gear roller was determined to be 164.92r/min. Combined with orthogonal test, taking the recovery rate of plastic film, wrapping rate and soil content as evaluation indexes, the synthetical scored method was used to obtain the order of influence of significant parameters on comprehensive performance of each index when the machine was working as: the forward speed of the machine, reverse scraping diaphragm velocity, eccentric pick film roller velocity and the camshaft velocity. The field experimental results showed that the recovery rate of residual film was 90.26%, the film wrapping rate was 1.94% and the soil content was 25.41%, when the machine speed was 3km/h, the conveyor roller velocity was 140.4r/min, camshaft velocity was 130.6r/min, eccentric pick film roller velocity was 183.6r/min and reverse scraping diaphragm velocity was 120.8r/min. The results met the technical requirements of residual film recovery in corn double ridges furrow and provided a reference for the design of residual film recovery equipment.

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辛尚龍,趙武云,戴飛,王久鑫,劉小龍,吳正文.玉米全膜雙壟溝殘膜回收機(jī)改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(s1):311-319. XIN Shanglong, ZHAO Wuyun, DAI Fei, WANG Jiuxin, LIU Xiaolong, WU Zhengwen. Improved Design and Experiment of Collector for Corn Whole Plastic Film Mulching on Double Ridges[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):311-319.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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