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基于CT圖像的土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)
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北京市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(Z161100000916012)、中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(2015ZCQ-GX-04)、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41501283)、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0600901)和北京市共建項(xiàng)目


Reconstruction of Soil Pore Structure Based on CT Images
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    摘要:

    土壤孔隙的幾何結(jié)構(gòu)和空間特征決定了土壤的透氣性和保水性,對(duì)土壤功能多樣性和生態(tài)修復(fù)具有重要影響,但現(xiàn)有對(duì)土壤孔隙的研究中,缺乏可直觀性和定量性對(duì)孔隙特征進(jìn)行描述的工具和方法。針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題,本文采用基于面繪制的移動(dòng)立方體法(Marching cubes, MC)和基于體繪制的光線投射法(Ray casting, RC)還原土壤孔隙的幾何形態(tài)和空間分布。以單個(gè)孔隙和不同孔隙密集程度的土壤孔隙CT圖像為應(yīng)用對(duì)象進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,2種算法的重構(gòu)效果均不受土壤樣本孔隙密集程度的影響。其中,MC算法重構(gòu)出的孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)存在邊界鋸齒化和缺失的現(xiàn)象,且其孔隙體積也小于實(shí)際情況;而RC算法重構(gòu)的孔隙輪廓清晰,結(jié)構(gòu)真實(shí),可完整地呈現(xiàn)出孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)的細(xì)節(jié)信息。為進(jìn)一步評(píng)價(jià)2種算法的重構(gòu)性能,采用模型品質(zhì)、繪制速度和內(nèi)存消耗3個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的比較分析。結(jié)果表明,MC算法存在二義性的不足,使得孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)存在一定程度的失真,重構(gòu)的孔隙模型質(zhì)量一般,但由于其只針對(duì)表面體素進(jìn)行重構(gòu),因而具有較快的繪制速度和較小的內(nèi)存消耗;而RC算法采用為每個(gè)體素分配不透明度和光強(qiáng)的方法來(lái)合成模型,避免了MC算法的缺點(diǎn),能夠保持孔隙模型的細(xì)節(jié)信息,但由于其重構(gòu)過(guò)程中所有體素點(diǎn)都參與運(yùn)算,使得其繪制速度較慢,內(nèi)存占用較大。通過(guò)對(duì)模型品質(zhì)、繪制速度和內(nèi)存消耗3個(gè)指標(biāo)的綜合分析,RC算法更加適用于土壤孔隙的三維重構(gòu),不僅為土壤孔隙的可視化分析提供了一種較為先進(jìn)的方法,也為研究土壤水分和養(yǎng)分的運(yùn)移以及空氣的交換奠定了技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)。

    Abstract:

    The geometric and spatial characteristics of soil pores determine the permeability and water retention of soils, which have important effects on soil functional diversity and ecological restoration. However, in the existing research on soil pores, there is a lack of tools and methods for describing intuitive and quantitative characteristics of pores. To solve this problem, the three-dimensional reconstruction technique based on marching cubes algorithm and ray casting algorithm was used to restore the geometry and spatial distribution of soil pores. The objects of experiment were the CT images of soil pores with a single large pore and different pore densities. The comparison results of the two algorithms showed that the pore structures of different sizes reconstructed by MC algorithm had boundary aliasing and missing phenomena, and the pore volume was also smaller than the actual situation. While the RC algorithm reconstructed the pore contour clearly and the structure was real, the detailed information of each pore structure can be completely represented, and the reconstruction effect was not affected by the porous density of the soil sample. In addition, in order to further evaluate the reconstruction performance of the two methods, three indicators of model quality, rendering speed and algorithm characteristics were used to compare and analyze the experimental results. In order to ensure the comparability of the refactoring indicators, all experiments were carried out by using the VTK graphics development library, based on the Visual Studio 2017 programming platform of the same computer. The results showed that the MC algorithm was only for the reconstruction of the pore surface voxels, so it occupied less memory and had faster drawing speed. However, due to the ambiguity of the algorithm, the quality of the reconstructed pore model was general. The RC algorithm calculated all the voxel points of the sample, so it took up a large memory and drew slowly. However, assigning opacity and light intensity were used to each voxel to synthesize the model, avoiding the disadvantages of the MC algorithm, and it was able to maintain the details of the pore model. In summary, the RC algorithm would be able to provide a more advanced method for the visualization of soil pores, laying a technical foundation for studying soil moisture and nutrient transport and air exchange.

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趙玥,劉雷,韓巧玲,趙燕東.基于CT圖像的土壤孔隙結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(s1):401-406. ZHAO Yue, LIU Lei, HAN Qiaoling, ZHAO Yandong. Reconstruction of Soil Pore Structure Based on CT Images[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):401-406.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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