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整葉類蔬菜清洗機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0400404)


Design and Experiment on Washer for Whole-leaf Vegetables
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    摘要:

    針對整葉類蔬菜清洗過程中整葉、低損傷、有序的要求,設(shè)計(jì)了以氣浴和水流為清洗動(dòng)力的整葉類蔬菜清洗機(jī)。確定了清洗工藝流程,進(jìn)行了清洗機(jī)整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì),針對菜葉遇水粘附、上浮等清洗難點(diǎn),模擬人工清洗過程,設(shè)計(jì)料筐周期性上下振動(dòng)方式清洗。對清洗機(jī)清洗槽和過濾裝置、氣泡發(fā)生裝置、水流噴射裝置等關(guān)鍵部件進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),實(shí)現(xiàn)設(shè)備自動(dòng)化運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。針對噴氣管路進(jìn)行流體動(dòng)力學(xué)模擬仿真,對不同氣流流速下的氣相分布情況進(jìn)行研究,確定氣流流速范圍為2~8m/s,用以指導(dǎo)風(fēng)泵的選型。選定氣流流速6m/s作為參數(shù),對不同噴氣孔徑、噴氣孔間距的管路進(jìn)行模擬仿真,以氣相分布均勻程度作為評價(jià)指標(biāo),得出最優(yōu)管路參數(shù)為噴氣孔徑8mm、噴氣孔間距50mm。以整棵菠菜為清洗物料,選定清洗量、清洗時(shí)間、氣浴強(qiáng)度作為因素,各選定三水平,同時(shí)設(shè)定空白列,進(jìn)行四因素三水平正交試驗(yàn)。清洗試驗(yàn)以破損率和洗凈率作為評價(jià)指標(biāo),按照破損率和洗凈率各占0.5的權(quán)重進(jìn)行正交試驗(yàn)分析和方差分析。清洗試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,清洗量、清洗時(shí)間、氣浴強(qiáng)度對菠菜洗凈率、破損率影響顯著,最佳菠菜清洗參數(shù)清洗量為4kg、清洗時(shí)間為120s、氣浴強(qiáng)度為5m/s。

    Abstract:

    According to the requirements of leaf integrity, low damage and order in the cleaning process of whole-leaf vegetables, a washer was designed by integrating the cleaning power of air-bubble and water-jets. The cleaning process was determined, and the whole structure of the washer was designed. In view of difficulties in cleaning, such as leaves adhesion and floating in water, the basket was designed to vibrate and up-and-down motion periodically in order to simulate the manual cleaning process. The key components were designed, such as the rinse tank and filter, bubble generator and water jet, and the automatic operation of the equipment was realized. The computational fluid dynamics simulation was carried out for the air jet pipeline, and the distribution of gas phase at different air flow rates was studied, and the air flow rate range was determined as 2~ 8m/s, and the selection of air pump was guided. The simulation of different pipelines with different diameters of air-jet hole and different hole spacings was done at air flow rate of 6m/s. The gas phase distribution uniformity was used as the evaluation index, and the optimal pipeline parameters were got as air-jet hole diameter was 8mm and hole spacing was 50mm.Taking the whole spinach as the cleaning material, the washing weight, cleaning time and intensity of airflow were selected as factors which had three levels respectively, and a blank column was set at the same time for the four-factor and three-level orthogonal experiment. The damage rate and cleaning rate were used as evaluation indexes in cleaning test, and the comprehensive evaluation index was calculated according to the weight of damage rate and cleaning rate which accounted for 0.5. Orthogonal experimental analysis and variance analysis were performed. The test results showed that washing weight, cleaning time and intensity of airflow have signifcant influences on cleaning rate and damage rate of spinach, and the optimum cleaning parameters of spinach were obtained as washing weight was 4kg, cleaning time was 120s, and the intensity of airflow was 5m/s.

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馬雪飛,杜志龍,馬季威,李佳偉,趙丹,曹光矗.整葉類蔬菜清洗機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(s1):419-425. MA Xuefei, DU Zhilong, MA Jiwei, LI Jiawei, ZHAO Dan, CAO Guangchu. Design and Experiment on Washer for Whole-leaf Vegetables[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(s1):419-425.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-07-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-11-10
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