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深松滅茬旋耕起壟聯(lián)合作業(yè)機設計與試驗
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201503116-09)、國家自然科學基金項目(51275318)和遼寧省農(nóng)村經(jīng)濟委員會與質(zhì)量技術監(jiān)督局地方標準項目(2016160-27)


Design and Test of Subsoiling Rotary Rilling and Rilling Combined Operating Machine
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    摘要:

    針對遼寧省西部褐土區(qū)常年降水量低,蒸發(fā)量較大,土壤干旱嚴重,嚴重影響作物產(chǎn)量問題,設計了1MXQ-4型滅茬旋耕起壟聯(lián)合作業(yè)機,主要由深松裝置、滅茬旋耕裝置、起壟裝置和鎮(zhèn)壓裝置等組成。機具可一次完成深松、滅茬、旋耕、培壟和鎮(zhèn)壓等多項聯(lián)合作業(yè),實現(xiàn)壟溝壟臺互換功能。通過對其關鍵部件滅茬旋耕裝置的動力學分析確定了滅茬裝置回轉半徑R為300mm,入土深度H為8cm,最小轉速n為210r/min。按犁體曲面的幾何元線法設計原理,元線角θ按拋物線規(guī)律變化,繪制起壟鏟工作曲面,確定起壟裝置結構參數(shù)。通過土槽模擬土粒運動軌跡的木塊試驗,得出曲面楔子型培土器工作性能優(yōu)于平面楔子型培土器,實現(xiàn)了壟臺壟溝互換功能。通過三因素五水平試驗,得出各因素對試驗指標起壟最大高度影響主次順序為機具前進速度、工作深度、秸稈覆蓋量;各因素對工作阻力影響的主次順序為秸稈覆蓋量、工作深度、機具前進速度。利用Design-Expert軟件對機具工作參數(shù)求解和實際工作驗證得到最佳作業(yè)參數(shù):機具前進速度為6km/h,工作深度為22.2cm,起壟最大高度為24.05cm,工作阻力為12.08kN。滿足了遼寧省西部褐土區(qū)所需的壟臺壟溝互換耕作的土壤合理耕層構建技術指標要求。

    Abstract:

    In view of the low annual precipitation of cinnamon soil in the west of Liaoning Province, the large amount of evaporation, serious soil drought and serious impact on crop yield, a smashing and slashing ridge hoisting machine was designed and studied, which mainly consisted of deep loosening device, smashing and slashing device, ridge device and pressure device. The machine can complete a number of operations such as deep loosening, smashing, rotary tilling, ridge ridges, etc., which can reduce the number of grounding, improve work efficiency, and meet the operation requirements of furrow-ridge and ridge interchange in the brown soil area of Western Liaoning. The kinetic analysis of smashing device of the key components was determined as the rotating radius was 300mm, the depth of grounding device was 8cm, and the minimum speed n was 210r/min. According to the geometric element method design principle of the plow surface, the element angle θ was changed according to the parabola law, the ridge shovel working surface was drawn, and the structural parameters of the ridge device were determined. The wood block experiment of simulating the movement of soil particles through the soil trough showed that the performance of the curved wedge type soil cultivator was better than that of the plane wedge type cultivator, and the ridge and furrow ditches were realized. Through the three factors and five levels test, the main factors affecting the maximum ridge height of the test indicators were the advancement speed of the machine, working depth and straw coverage;the main order of influence of each factor on the working resistance was straw coverage, working depth and the speed of machine. The Design-Expert software was used to solve the working parameters of the machine, and the actual work verified the best operating parameters as follows: the machine forward speed of 6km/h, working depth of 22.2cm, maximum distance of cast soil of 24.05cm, and working resistance of 12.08kN. It satisfied the technical requirements for the construction of reasonable soil layering for the intercropping of ridges and ridges in the brown soil area of western Liaoning Province, and provided reference for the reformation and evaluation of the combined soil preparation machine.

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林靜,張桐嘉,陳彬,韓巍,呂秋立,王佳琦.深松滅茬旋耕起壟聯(lián)合作業(yè)機設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2019,50(2):28-39. LIN Jing, ZHANG Tongjia, CHEN Bin, HAN Wei, Lü Qiuli, WANG Jiaqi. Design and Test of Subsoiling Rotary Rilling and Rilling Combined Operating Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(2):28-39.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-02-10
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