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電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)玉米氣吸排種器總線控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0700500-2017YFD0700502)


Design and Experiment of Motor Driving Bus Control System for Corn Vacuum Seed Meter
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    摘要:

    車速對電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)玉米氣吸式排種器排種性能具有重要影響,為此設(shè)計(jì)了一種電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)排種器CAN總線控制系統(tǒng),采用CAN總線通訊的方法探究系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動(dòng)排種器隨車速的變化特性。該系統(tǒng)主要由人機(jī)交互設(shè)備、排種監(jiān)測ECU、排種驅(qū)動(dòng)ECU組成,參照ISO 11783協(xié)議,對播種機(jī)具總線系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)。以4行氣吸式玉米排種器為對象,搭建試驗(yàn)臺,對總線控制排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速精度進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn)。通過總線提取的排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速閉環(huán)調(diào)控結(jié)果得出,排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速位置PID控制調(diào)整過程中存在低速調(diào)節(jié)時(shí)間長、超調(diào)量大的問題。采用分段PID參數(shù)控制的方法,由試驗(yàn)結(jié)果將排種盤轉(zhuǎn)速設(shè)定值分為低速(15~20r/min)、中速(20~40r/min)、高速(40~55r/min)3個(gè)階段,分階段賦予對應(yīng)閉環(huán)調(diào)節(jié)參數(shù),得出排種盤目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)速在低速階段時(shí)平均響應(yīng)時(shí)間、平均超調(diào)量分別為1.84s、38.51%,與位置PID控制相比較,分別降低1.63s、34.41%;15~55r/min時(shí)平均穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差絕對值為0.97r/min,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為0.76r/min,平均穩(wěn)態(tài)誤差絕對值減小0.13r/min。進(jìn)行了總線系統(tǒng)落種監(jiān)測精度試驗(yàn),設(shè)定粒距20cm,排種盤孔數(shù)為26個(gè),車速4~12km/h時(shí),系統(tǒng)排種監(jiān)測平均準(zhǔn)確率為97.53%,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為0.48%。采用排種總線系統(tǒng)對車速影響排種器性能進(jìn)行了試驗(yàn),風(fēng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)軸轉(zhuǎn)速為540r/min,車速范圍為4~8km/h,測得風(fēng)壓范圍為-6.0~-5.9kPa,播種合格指數(shù)平均為95.68%,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為2.29%;車速達(dá)到9km/h時(shí),合格指數(shù)降到90%以下,排種器漏播較嚴(yán)重。通過對播種總線系統(tǒng)車速和4行排種驅(qū)動(dòng)電動(dòng)機(jī)實(shí)時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)速的監(jiān)測,進(jìn)行了車速階躍變化播種系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明在車速4~12km/h、2km/h間隔遞增過程中,系統(tǒng)對排種盤目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)速平均響應(yīng)時(shí)間為2.00s,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為0.34s;2km/h間隔遞減過程中,系統(tǒng)對排種盤目標(biāo)轉(zhuǎn)速平均響應(yīng)時(shí)間為1.83s,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差為1.07s,表明按照車速階躍變化,該總線控制系統(tǒng)具有較好的響應(yīng)性能。

    Abstract:

    The travel speed has great impact on motor driving planting performance. A motor driving planting system with CAN bus control was designed to explore the effect of travel speed on seed meter by using the method of CAN bus communication. The system mainly included an HMI, a planting monitoring ECU and a planting driving ECU, according to the ISO 11783 protocol, the planting machine bus system was designed. A four-channel air suction corn seed metering device was used as the test object, and a test platform was set up to test the bus control speed control accuracy of the seed plate. The problems of long regulation time at low speed and large overshoot in the traditional PID adjustment process were found from the bus extraction data. The piecewise PID parameter control method was adopted to optimize the control results. Based on the experimental results, the speeds of the seed plate were divided into three parts: the low rotation speed (15~20r/min), the middle rotation speed (20~40r/min) and the high rotation speed (40~55r/min). In each part, the PID control set different parameter values. The optimizing system results showed that the average regulating time and the average overshoot were 1.84s and 38.51% with 1.63s and 34.41% decreases, respectively, at low rotation speed, when within the range of 15~55r/min, the absolute value of steady-state error was 0.97r/min on average, the variance was 0.76r/min, and the absolute value of steady-state error was reduced by 0.13r/min on average. In the monitoring planting accuracy test of the bus system, the seed space was 20cm, the number of holes of the seed plate was 26, the travel speed was 4~12km/h, the results showed that the average accuracy of system monitoring was 97.53% with standard deviation of 0.48%. According to the experimental results of the planting bus system performance influenced by travel speed, when the rotational speed of fan was 540r/min and the travel speed was 4~8km/h, the wind pressure was -6.0~-5.9kPa and the mean qualified index of seeding was 95.68% with the standard deviation of 2.29%. When the travel speed reached 9km/h, the qualified index dropped below 90%, and the miss-seeding index was high. The performance evaluation of planting bus system response performance influenced by a step change travel speed was done by monitoring the travel speed and four planting driving motors, when the travel speed was in the range of 4~12km/h with an increment of 2km/h, the average response time of the system to the speed of seed plate was 2.00s with standard deviation of 0.34s. When the travel speed was in the range of 4~12km/h with a decrement of 2km/h, the average response time of the system to the speed of seed plate was 1.83s with standard deviation of 1.07s, the planting bus control system had a short response time when influenced by travel speed step changing.

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楊碩,王秀,高原源,趙學(xué)觀,竇漢杰,趙春江.電動(dòng)機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)玉米氣吸排種器總線控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(2):57-67. YANG Shuo, WANG Xiu, GAO Yuanyuan, ZHAO Xueguan, DOU Hanjie, ZHAO Chunjiang. Design and Experiment of Motor Driving Bus Control System for Corn Vacuum Seed Meter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(2):57-67.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-02-10
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