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玉米收獲機(jī)清選曲面篩設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51475090)、黑龍江省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(E2017004)和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0300103)


Design and Experiment of Curved Screen for Maize Grain Harvester
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    摘要:

    為提高玉米收獲機(jī)風(fēng)篩式清選裝置的清選效果,通過篩上顆粒受力分析,確定篩上顆粒運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)與篩面方程f(x)存在函數(shù)關(guān)系。以編織篩為研究對(duì)象,利用CFD-DEM耦合技術(shù),通過對(duì)比清選裝置內(nèi)平面、凸面、凹面3種編織篩的氣流場(chǎng)及不同區(qū)域篩分特點(diǎn),提出一種正弦曲線編織篩,并與去除尾篩的正弦曲線篩進(jìn)行性能對(duì)比,確定保留尾篩篩分性能更好。以正弦曲線篩篩形系數(shù)、入口氣流速度、氣流方向角為試驗(yàn)因素,以籽粒清潔率和籽粒損失率為評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),設(shè)計(jì)二次正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),建立了各因素與指標(biāo)間回歸數(shù)學(xué)模型,運(yùn)用Design-Expert軟件的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化算法進(jìn)行參數(shù)優(yōu)化。獲得參數(shù)最優(yōu)組合為:篩形系數(shù)32.35mm,入口氣流速度13.73m/s,氣流方向角23.86°。當(dāng)玉米脫出物喂入量為5kg/s,篩面振動(dòng)頻率為5.15Hz時(shí),利用高速攝像及室內(nèi)臺(tái)架進(jìn)行了正弦曲線篩工作機(jī)理試驗(yàn)和性能對(duì)比試驗(yàn)。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,正弦曲線篩可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)雜余的快速推移,并提高籽粒透篩概率。正弦曲線篩清選裝置的籽粒清潔率為98.07%,籽粒損失率為1.16%,相較平面編織篩清潔率提高2.45個(gè)百分點(diǎn)、損失率降低0.79個(gè)百分點(diǎn),滿足國(guó)家篩分質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)規(guī)范要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the screening performance of the air-screen cleaning device of maize grain harvester, the relationship between the motion of grain on the screen and the function f(x) of screen-shape was determined through the mechanics analysis of particle. In order to propose a type of sinusoidal-shape screen, the woven screen was studied. Computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method (CFD-DEM) were coupled to compare and analyze the airflow in the cleaning device and the characteristics of flat, convex and concave screening. The screening performance of the sinusoidal-shape screen, compared with this one with tail screen was removed, was better. The quadratic orthogonal rotational-combinational simulation tests were designed. The coefficient of screen-shape and the inlet velocity of airflow and the direction angle of airflow were taken as factors, and the loss and cleanliness of maize grains collected were taken as indexes. The regression mathematical models between factors and indexes were multi-objective optimized by using Design-Expert software. The best combination of parameters was obtained, including the coefficient of screen-shape of 32.35mm, the inlet velocity of airflow of 13.73m/s, the direction angle of airflow of 23.86°. The best combination of parameters was set in the bench test. The flat weave screen was compared with that of the screening performance of sinusoidalshape screen. The experimental results showed that the sinusoidalshape screen can realize the fast passage of maize debris, and increase the possibility of maize grains passing the screen when the total feeding quantity was 5kg/s and the vibration frequency of the screen was 5.15Hz. The working mechanism and screening performance of the sinusoidal-shape screen were tested by highspeed camera and indoor bench. The experimental results showed that the state of movement of maize mixture on different screens was more favorable to the performance of the cleaning device. The cleaning rate of maize grains collected was 98.07% and the rate of maize loss was 1.16% after screening. Compared with the flat weave screen, the cleaning rate of maize grains was increased by 2.45 percentage points and the rate of maize loss was reduced by 0.79 percentage points, which met the requirements of technical specification for quality evaluation of screening in China.

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王立軍,武振超,馮鑫,李瑞,于泳濤.玉米收獲機(jī)清選曲面篩設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(2):90-101. WANG Lijun, WU Zhenchao, FENG Xin, LI Rui, YU Yongtao. Design and Experiment of Curved Screen for Maize Grain Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(2):90-101.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-02-10
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