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滾筒式免耕播種機構(gòu)交互式優(yōu)化設(shè)計系統(tǒng)研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2017YFD0700100)


Interactive Optimal Design System of Drum-type No-till Planter Mechanism
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    摘要:

    針對滾筒式免耕播種機構(gòu)設(shè)計過程中,涉及參數(shù)多,交互關(guān)系復(fù)雜,計算量大,計算方法繁瑣,設(shè)計周期長,不易完成機構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計等問題,設(shè)計一種交互式設(shè)計平臺,通過人機交互,達(dá)到縮短設(shè)計周期、優(yōu)化機構(gòu)的目的。通過對鴨嘴滾輪排種裝置及其鴨嘴驅(qū)動滾筒組成的核心機構(gòu)的運動學(xué)分析,建立鴨嘴驅(qū)動角φ、鴨嘴助力角α、鴨嘴滾輪排種裝置角速度ω0和滾筒角速度ω1之間的數(shù)學(xué)模型;以株距、還田量及播種深度為設(shè)計參數(shù),構(gòu)建目標(biāo)函數(shù)與約束條件,確定優(yōu)化算法,獲得滿足設(shè)計要求的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),即基本結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù):滾輪半徑R0、滾筒半徑R1、鴨嘴高度H、鴨嘴數(shù)x,輔助結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù):助力角α、驅(qū)動角φ、開孔數(shù)n和開孔長度l;使用Matlab(Matrix & laboratory),根據(jù)優(yōu)化算法編寫程序,并通過Matlab圖形用戶界面,直接在界面中獲得優(yōu)化后的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。通過CATIA環(huán)境下二次開發(fā),利用關(guān)聯(lián)設(shè)計方法建立參數(shù)化模型,通過優(yōu)化后的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)驅(qū)動參數(shù)化模型改變參數(shù)。參照系統(tǒng)所得結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)加工滾筒式免耕播種機構(gòu)試驗樣機并進(jìn)行樣機功能試驗。交互式優(yōu)化設(shè)計系統(tǒng)可在不同需求下快速生成各結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),準(zhǔn)確得出最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合,并生成所需模型,最大限度縮短設(shè)計時間,提高設(shè)計效率與準(zhǔn)確度,同時為解決該類問題提供了一種通用方法。

    Abstract:

    In the process of structure design of drum-type no-till planter mechanism, many parameters are involved, interaction is complicated, calculation is large, calculation method is tedious, design period is long, and the optimization design of mechanism is not easy to complete. An interactive design platform was studied. Through man-machine interaction, the design cycle was shortened and the mechanism was optimized. Based on the kinematics analysis of the core mechanism composed of duckbill drum seeding device and drum driven by its duckbill, the mathematical models of the driving angle, aiding angle, angular velocity and the angular velocity of roller were established. With plant spacing, return amount and sowing depth as design parameters, objective function and constraint conditions were constructed, optimization algorithm was determined, and structural parameters which met the design requirements were obtained, including the basic structural parameters of roller radius, drum radius, duckbill height and duckbill number, and auxiliary structural parameters of the booster angle, driving angle, number of holes and length of hole. According to the optimization algorithm, the program was written by using Matlab, and the optimized structure parameters were obtained directly through the Matlab graphical user interface. Through the secondary development under the environment of CATIA, the parameterized model was established by using the association design method, and the optimized structural parameters were used to drive the model. According to the structural parameters obtained from the system, the structure test prototype of the drumtype notill planter mechanism was processed and the functional test of the prototype was carried out. The interactive optimal design system can quickly generate various structural parameters under different requirements, get the optimal parameter combination accurately, generate the required model, shorten the designer’s design time to the maximum extent, and improve the design efficiency and accuracy. At the same time, it provided a general method for the study of this kind of problems.

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劉宏新,蘇航,李金龍,劉招金.滾筒式免耕播種機構(gòu)交互式優(yōu)化設(shè)計系統(tǒng)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2019,50(3):58-68. LIU Hongxin, SU Hang, LI Jinlong, LIU Zhaojin. Interactive Optimal Design System of Drum-type No-till Planter Mechanism[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(3):58-68.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-03-10
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