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低損傷組合式玉米脫粒分離裝置設(shè)計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0700300、2016YFD0300300)和國家現(xiàn)代玉米產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項目(CARS-02)


Design and Test of Low-damage Combined Corn Threshing and Separating Device
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    摘要:

    針對現(xiàn)有籽粒直收型玉米收獲機(jī)脫粒分離裝置在收獲高含水率玉米時存在籽粒破碎率高、脫凈率低、籽粒夾帶損失大、玉米苞葉易堵塞凹板的問題,設(shè)計了一種低損傷圓頭釘齒與分段組合式圓管型脫粒凹板相配合的脫粒分離裝置。分析了脫粒元件與果穗、果穗與凹板之間的接觸模型,確定了玉米脫粒裝置最優(yōu)脫粒元件的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)、最佳的凹板組合形式。以籽粒破碎率和未脫凈率為試驗指標(biāo),以脫粒元件排布方式和不同凹板組合形式為試驗因素,進(jìn)行了臺架試驗,確定了較優(yōu)組合為:圓頭釘齒等高排布且最優(yōu)球頭半徑為12.5mm,凹板最佳組合形式為圓管右向+直圓管(前疏后密型),并與常規(guī)梯形桿齒和柵格式凹板組成的脫粒分離裝置進(jìn)行了田間對比試驗。試驗結(jié)果表明:籽粒破碎率由13.73%降低至8.64%,未脫凈率由0.6%降低至0.2%;未出現(xiàn)玉米苞葉堵塞凹板問題。

    Abstract:

    The longitudinal axial flow corn kernel harvester threshing separation device has high grain breakage rate during the threshing process, low removal rate, large loss of grain entrainment, and problem of clogging the concave plate by corn leaf. Aiming at the above problems, based on the collision contact theory, a degranulation separation device with low-damage round head nail teeth and segmented combined round tube threshing concave plate was designed. Combined with the physical properties of corn kernels, the relative critical velocity of the mechanical stress damage of the corn, the structural parameters of the optimal threshing element and the optimal gravure combination were determined. Based on the test factors of grain breakage rate and free removal rate, a comparison test was carried out with a conventional threshing rod and grid concave plate. It was determined through experiments that the optimal threshing element was a round head nail (equal height) and the optimal ball head radius was 12.5mm. The best gravure combination form was the right pipe and straight pipe (front sparse and rear dense). Under the optimal combination of parameters, the grain breakage rate of the threshing device was decreased from 13.73% to 8.64%;the unremoved rate was decreased from 0.6% to 0.2%. The device offered an effective solution for the problem of conventional grid gravure blocked by corn stalks, which met the design requirements and provided theoretical guidance for the design of corn threshing separation.

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樊晨龍,崔濤,張東興,楊麗,屈哲,李玉環(huán).低損傷組合式玉米脫粒分離裝置設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2019,50(4):113-123. FAN Chenlong, CUI Tao, ZHANG Dongxing, YANG Li, QU Zhe, LI Yuhuan. Design and Test of Low-damage Combined Corn Threshing and Separating Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(4):113-123.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-10-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-04-10
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