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1960—2015年黑龍江省水稻需水量時(shí)空分布特征
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(51779046)和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400108)


Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Rice Water Requirement in Heilongjiang Province during 1960—2015
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    摘要:

    基于黑龍江省26個(gè)氣象站1960—2015年逐日氣象數(shù)據(jù)和29個(gè)水稻灌溉試驗(yàn)站的作物系數(shù),利用Penman-Monteith方法和Arcmap空間分析功能計(jì)算并繪制了1960—1979年、1980—1999年和2000—2015年3個(gè)階段水稻生長(zhǎng)季參考作物蒸散量(ET0)、水稻生育期天數(shù)、需水量、有效降雨量和需水量與有效降雨量耦合度及相應(yīng)的氣候傾向率分布圖。結(jié)果表明:水稻生長(zhǎng)季ET0平均值為620mm,自西向東總體表現(xiàn)為先減小后增大趨勢(shì),風(fēng)速、濕度、日照時(shí)數(shù)的減小和溫度的升高共同作用導(dǎo)致水稻生長(zhǎng)季ET0以-3.90mm/(10a)的平均速度下降;生育期平均天數(shù)為115d,自北向南總體表現(xiàn)為增加趨勢(shì),溫度升高引起了水稻生育期天數(shù)以2.68d/(10a)的平均速度增加;水稻生育期有效降雨量平均值為297.03mm,自西向東總體表現(xiàn)為先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),生育期天數(shù)的增加也彌補(bǔ)了降雨量減小的影響,使有效降雨量以0.62mm/(10a)的平均速度增加;需水量平均值為490.52mm,自西向東總體表現(xiàn)為先減小后增加的趨勢(shì),生育期天數(shù)的增加彌補(bǔ)了ET0減小對(duì)需水量的影響,使研究區(qū)內(nèi)水稻需水量以6.66mm/(10a)的平均速度增加;需水量與有效降雨量耦合度平均值為0.64,自西向東表現(xiàn)為先增加后減小的趨勢(shì),需水量增幅大于有效降雨量增幅,使需水量與有效降雨量耦合度總體以-0.009/(10a)速度下降。本研究可為黑龍江省合理分配灌溉水資源和優(yōu)化水稻品種布局提供依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    Distribution maps of ET0 during rice growth season, day of growth period (DGP), crop water requirement (ETc), effective precipitation (Pe), coupling degree of ETc and Pe, and their climatic tendencies during 1970s, 1990s and 2010s were calculated and drawn by Penman-Monteith method and Arcmap spatial analysis based on daily meteorological data in 1960—2015 of 26 meteorological stations and crop coefficient of 29 rice irrigation experimental stations in Heilongjiang Province. The result showed that the average ET0 during rice growth season was 620mm, it was decreased firstly, and then increased from west to east, the decrease of wind speed, humidity, sunshine hours and the increase of temperature led to the decrease of ET0 at a climatic tendency of -3.90mm/(10a). The average DGP was 115d, and it showed an increase trend from north to south, the increase of temperature caused DGP to increase at a climatic tendency of 2.68d/(10a). The average Pe in rice growth period was 297.03mm, which was increased firstly and then decreased from west to east, the increase of DGP compensated for the decrease of rainfall, and the Pe was increased at an average climatic tendency of 0.62mm/(10a). The average ETc was 490.52mm, which was decreased firstly and then increased from west to east, the increase of DGP compensated for the effect of ET0 on ETc, and the ETc was increased at an average climatic tendency of 6.66mm/(10a). The average coupling degree of ETc and Pe was 064, which was increased firstly and then decreased from west to east, the increase of ETc was larger than that of Pe, 〖JP3〗which made the coupling degree of ETc and Pe decrease at an average climatic tendency of -0.009/(10a). The research result provided a basis for rational allocation of irrigation water resources and rice variety layout in Heilongjiang Province.

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聶堂哲,張忠學(xué),齊智娟,陳鵬,林彥宇,孫仲益.1960—2015年黑龍江省水稻需水量時(shí)空分布特征[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(5):279-290. NIE Tangzhe, ZHANG Zhongxue, QI Zhijuan, CHEN Peng, LIN Yanyu, SUN Zhongyi. Spatial and Temporal Distribution Characteristics of Rice Water Requirement in Heilongjiang Province during 1960—2015[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(5):279-290.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-16
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2019-05-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-05-10
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