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不同程度鹽漬化農(nóng)田下玉米產(chǎn)量對(duì)水氮調(diào)控的響應(yīng)
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51539005、51769024)、國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400205)和內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(201602049)


Response of Maize Yield to Irrigation and Nitrogen Rate in Different Salinization Farmlands
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    摘要:

    為探究玉米產(chǎn)量對(duì)不同程度鹽漬化農(nóng)田水氮調(diào)控的響應(yīng)規(guī)律,通過田間試驗(yàn),在3種鹽漬化農(nóng)田(S1,0.247dS/m; S2,0.839dS/m; S3,1.286dS/m)上設(shè)置3個(gè)灌溉量(W1,150mm;W2,225mm;W3,300mm(常規(guī)灌溉量))和3個(gè)施氮量(N1,172.5kg/hm2;N2,258.8kg/hm2;N3,345kg/hm2(常規(guī)施氮量)),結(jié)合模型模擬研究了不同鹽漬土條件下玉米產(chǎn)量對(duì)水氮調(diào)控的響應(yīng)。結(jié)果表明:灌水顯著影響S1、S2和S3玉米產(chǎn)量,產(chǎn)量隨著灌水量的增加呈先增后降的變化趨勢。施氮顯著影響S1、S2和S3玉米產(chǎn)量,S1和S2上的產(chǎn)量隨施氮量的增加先增后降,而S3上的產(chǎn)量總體呈現(xiàn)逐漸減少趨勢。隨著土壤鹽漬程度的加重,水氮交互效應(yīng)對(duì)產(chǎn)量影響增大。水氮交互對(duì)S1玉米產(chǎn)量影響不顯著(P>0.05),W2N2較W3N3、W3N2減產(chǎn)4.41%、6.56%(P>0.05),非鹽漬土在水分較好和氮素適宜時(shí)才可得到較大產(chǎn)量,但適度節(jié)水控氮不會(huì)顯著減產(chǎn)。水氮交互顯著影響S2玉米產(chǎn)量(P<0.05),W2N2產(chǎn)量顯著高于其余水氮處理(P<0.05),中度鹽漬土需供應(yīng)適宜水氮。水氮交互極顯著影響S3玉米產(chǎn)量(P<0.01),W2N1產(chǎn)量顯著高于其余水氮處理(P<0.05),重度鹽漬土在適宜水分和較少供氮時(shí)才可得到較高產(chǎn)量。經(jīng)模型尋優(yōu)得到河套灌區(qū)玉米節(jié)水節(jié)氮高產(chǎn)的水氮用量為:非鹽漬土,灌水量253.74~286.26mm,施氮量267.65~318.85kg/hm2;中度鹽漬土,灌水量233.25~268.17mm,施氮量225.22~272.56kg/hm2;重度鹽漬土,灌水量196.94~243.06mm,施氮量179.15~223.35kg/hm2。

    Abstract:

    Hetao Irrigation District (HID) is a main grain production region in China, but it is characterized by less rainfall. Water shortage, soil salinization and excessive application of chemical fertilizers are main important factors that restricting the food and environmental safety in HID. Reasonable and efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resources on saline soil to improve crop production efficiency and reduce nonpoint source pollution of nitrogen are the effective ways to relieve the problem. Referring to the local conventional irrigation (300mm) and nitrogen amount (345kg/hm2) in HID, a field interactive experiment with three irrigation amounts and three nitrogen amounts was carried out in three salinization farmlands (S1, 0.247dS/m; S2, 0.839dS/m; S3, 1.286dS/m) respectively. Three irrigation amounts were 150mm, 225mm and 300mm, which was marked as W1, W2, and W3, respectively, and three nitrogen amounts were 172.5kg/hm2, 258.8kg/hm2 and 345kg/hm2, marking as N1, N2 and N3, respectively. The coupling model of water and nitrogen for maize with border irrigation under three saline soils was established and optimized, and the field experiment combined with model simulation was used to explore the response of maize yield to water and nitrogen regulation in different salinized soils, and provide scientific basis for reasonable irrigation and nitrogen management. Main conclusions were as follows: the maize yields were significantly affected by irrigation in S1, S2 and S3 soils. The yield of maize was increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation volume in S1, S2 and S3 soils. In addition, maize yields were significantly affected by nitrogen rate in S1, S2 and S3 soils (P<0.05). The yield of S1 and S2 soils was increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen rate, but it was decreased gradually as a whole in S3 soils. With the increase of soil salinity, the interactive effect of water and nitrogen on yield was enhanced. Water and nitrogen interaction had insignificant effect on the yield (P>0.05) under S1 soil condition. Compared with W3N3 and W3N2 treatment, the yield of W2N2 was decreased by 441% and 656% (P>0.05), respectively. The maximum yield could be obtained only when the water was better and nitrogen was suitable, but the moderate reduction of irrigation and nitrogen application rate would not significantly reduce the yield in nonsaline land. The interaction effect of water and nitrogen significantly affected the yield of S2 (P<0.05), and the yield of W2N2 was significantly higher than that of the rest of treatments (P<0.05), and suitable water and nitrogen supplying were needed in middle saline soil. The yield was significantly affected by the interaction effect of water and nitrogen (P<001) in S3, and the yield of W2N1 was significantly higher than that of other treatments (P<005), and the higher yield could be obtained when suitable water and less nitrogen were supplied in heavily saline soil. Through the model optimization, the watersaving and nitrogencontrolling management for higher yield of maize in HID were as follows: nonsaline soil (irrigation amount of 25374~28626mm, nitrogen amount of 267.65~318.85kg/hm2), moderately saline soil (irrigation amount of 23325~26817mm, nitrogen amount of 225.22~272.56kg/hm2), heavily saline soil (irrigation amount of 19694~24306mm, nitrogen amount of 179.15~223.35kg/hm2).

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徐昭,史海濱,李仙岳,周慧,付小軍,李正中.不同程度鹽漬化農(nóng)田下玉米產(chǎn)量對(duì)水氮調(diào)控的響應(yīng)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(5):334-343. XU Zhao, SHI Haibin, LI Xianyue, ZHOU Hui, FU Xiaojun, LI Zhengzhong. Response of Maize Yield to Irrigation and Nitrogen Rate in Different Salinization Farmlands[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(5):334-343.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-05-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-05-10
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