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基于B樣條曲線的智能叉車托盤拾取路徑規(guī)劃研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2018YFD0701002)、國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51108194)、廣東省基礎(chǔ)研究及應(yīng)用研究重大項目(2016KZDXM028)和廣東省科技計劃項目(2017B020206005)


Pallet Picking Path Planning of Intelligent Forklift Based on B-spline Curve
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    摘要:

    干果倉儲中托盤擺放的位姿具有不確定性,應(yīng)用路徑規(guī)劃技術(shù)可實現(xiàn)智能叉車托盤自主拾取,提高叉車在倉儲作業(yè)中的靈活性。以具有非完整性約束特性的堆垛叉車為研究對象,提出基于三次均勻B樣條曲線的托盤拾取路徑規(guī)劃方法。綜合考慮最小轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑、首末端點約束、曲率連續(xù)等多約束條件,建立路徑曲率最小化的目標(biāo)函數(shù),并通過Matlab優(yōu)化工具箱求解待優(yōu)化的曲線參數(shù)。仿真結(jié)果表明,針對不同位姿的托盤拾取場景,該方法能得到曲率連續(xù)、轉(zhuǎn)向輪轉(zhuǎn)角不超過叉車最大轉(zhuǎn)角的可行路徑。在倉庫中進(jìn)行路徑規(guī)劃及跟蹤試驗,試驗表明,在前進(jìn)距離為6500mm、托盤橫向偏移距離1500mm、偏移角15°的場景下,終點橫向偏移誤差4.71cm,終點航向角誤差為9.6×10-3rad,驗證了算法的可行性。

    Abstract:

    In the structured operation environment, the application of warehouse automation equipment can greatly improve the operation efficiency. But in general, there is a lot of uncertainty in the warehouse. For example, the position and pose of the pallets in the warehouse have large uncertainty. Applying the RGB-D sensor and lidar sensor, the pallet pose and position can be estimated. After pallet recognition, forklift utilizing path planning technology can achieve picking up the pallet independently in dried fruit workspace, which improves the flexibility of the forklift. Taking the forklift with nonintegrity constraint characteristics as the research object, a pallet picking path planning method was proposed based on uniform cubic Bspline curve. Considering the multiple constraints in pallet picking process, such as minimum turning radius of the forklift, startpoint and endpoint constraints and the curvature continuity constraint, the objective function of path curvature minimization was established. The related curve parameters needed to be optimized were solved by the optimization toolbox in Matlab. The simulation results showed that for different pallet picking scenarios, the proposed method can obtain a feasible path with continuous curvature. The steering wheel angle of the planning path did not exceed the maximum of the forklift. In the warehouse, the path planning and tracking test were carried out. In the scenario where the driving distance was 6500mm, the lateral offset distance was 1500mm, and the angle offset was 15°, the results showed that at the end point of path, the transverse offset error of the path tracking was 4.71cm and the heading angle error was 9.6×10-3rad. The feasibility of the algorithm was verified, and it can be applied in similar large warehouse intelligent vehicles. The research can provide reference for the path planning of forklift in automated warehousing operation.

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引用本文

呂恩利,林偉加,劉妍華,王飛仁,趙俊宏,吳鵬.基于B樣條曲線的智能叉車托盤拾取路徑規(guī)劃研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2019,50(5):394-402. LV Enli, LIN Weijia, LIU Yanhua, WANG Feiren, ZHAO Junhong, WU Peng. Pallet Picking Path Planning of Intelligent Forklift Based on B-spline Curve[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(5):394-402.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-05-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-05-10
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