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兩種配方廢棄菌棒堆肥中微生物多樣性研究
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國家食用菌產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全風(fēng)險評估專項(xiàng)(GJFP2019017)


Microbial Diversity in Composting of Two Formulated Waste Sticks
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    摘要:

    以廢棄菌棒為主要原料,添加牛糞和草炭,進(jìn)行堆肥發(fā)酵,取腐熟完成后的2種肥料樣品DNA,采用16SrDNA V3+V4 區(qū)和ITS2高通量測序方法,研究不同配方粗制肥料中微生物多樣性和群落結(jié)構(gòu)的差異。結(jié)果表明,“牛糞+菌棒”制得的有機(jī)肥生物多樣性高于“草炭+菌棒”,且真菌差異大于細(xì)菌;“牛糞+菌棒”有機(jī)肥相對“草炭+菌棒” 有機(jī)肥具有10個優(yōu)勢細(xì)菌屬和6個真菌屬,“草炭+菌棒” 有機(jī)肥相對“牛糞+菌棒”有機(jī)肥具有14個優(yōu)勢細(xì)菌屬和4個真菌屬。兩種配方堆肥制得的有機(jī)肥微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)無顯著性差異。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了多種具有農(nóng)業(yè)價值的功能菌,可為功能性微生物的開發(fā)利用提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。此外,也發(fā)現(xiàn)一些潛在危害因子,如黃曲霉和雜色曲霉亞種在“牛糞+菌棒”有機(jī)肥中豐度較高,產(chǎn)生的黃曲霉毒素、雜曲霉毒素易造成農(nóng)作物污染。

    Abstract:

    Based on the high-throughput DNA sequencing of Illumina,the microbial community composition of the compost ofmushroom residue added with cow dung and turf as the nitrogen source was entirely clarified,respectively. The results showed that the biodiversity of organic manure produced by “cow dung + mushroom residue” was higher than that of “turf + mushroom residue”, and the fungal difference was greater than that of bacteria;compared with the compost of “turf + mushroom residue”, the compost of “cow dung + mushroom residue” had 10 dominant bacteria and six dominant fungi at genus level, at the same time, the compost of “turf + mushroom residue” had 14 dominant genus and four dominant fungal genus relative to “cattle manure + fungus”. Therefore, the microbial communities had no significant difference between two formula composts. At the same time, it was found that a variety of functional bacteria with agricultural value can provide a scientific basis for the development and utilization of functional microorganisms in the future,such as Chaetomium. In addition, some potential hazard factors, such as Aspergillus_flavus and Aspergillus_subversicolor were found to be highly abundant in the “cow dung + mushroom residue” organic fertilizer, which produced the toxin was likely to cause crop pollution. Agricultural producers and related management departments should pay attention to the risks.

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代曉航,魏超.兩種配方廢棄菌棒堆肥中微生物多樣性研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2019,50(7):275-280,321. DAI Xiaohang, WEI Chao. Microbial Diversity in Composting of Two Formulated Waste Sticks[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(7):275-280,321.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-01-17
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-07-10
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