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秸稈還田配施氮肥對(duì)土壤性狀與水分利用效率的影響
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寧夏青年科技人才托舉工程(科協(xié)發(fā)組字〔2017〕76號(hào))、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31760370、31860362)和“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015BAD22B05-03)


Effect of Straw Returning with Nitrogen Application on Soil Properties and Water Use Efficiency
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    為揭示寧夏揚(yáng)黃灌區(qū)秸稈還田配施氮肥對(duì)土壤性狀與玉米水分利用效率的影響,在秸稈全量還田(9000kg/hm2)條件下,設(shè)置4種不同純氮施用水平:SR+N0(0kg/hm2)、SR+N1(150kg/hm2)、SR+N2(300kg/hm2)和SR+N3(450kg/hm2),以秸稈不還田施氮量333kg/hm2為對(duì)照(CK),研究秸稈還田配施氮肥對(duì)土壤容重、含水率、養(yǎng)分含量、玉米產(chǎn)量及水分利用效率的影響。結(jié)果表明,秸稈還田配施氮肥可改善耕層(0~40cm)土壤容重和孔隙狀況,以SR+N2和SR+N3處理效果最優(yōu),耕層平均土壤容重分別較CK降低80%和88%,土壤總孔隙度分別較CK提高11.4%和12.5%。秸稈還田配施氮肥有利于提高耕層土壤有機(jī)碳和全氮含量,隨施氮量的增加土壤碳氮比降低,其中以SR+N2和SR+N3處理效果最優(yōu)。SR+N2處理改善土壤肥力效果最優(yōu),其土壤堿解氮、有效磷、速效鉀含量分別較CK提高33.6%、47.0%、30.8%。SR+N2處理在玉米生育中后期具有較好的蓄水保墑效應(yīng),玉米增產(chǎn)和改善水分利用效率效果最優(yōu),兩年平均玉米籽粒產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率分別較CK提高33.9%、26.2%。通過(guò)兩年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在寧夏揚(yáng)黃灌區(qū),秸稈還田配施氮肥可有效改善土壤物理性質(zhì)、增加土壤養(yǎng)分含量、調(diào)節(jié)土壤碳氮比、增強(qiáng)土壤的蓄水保墑能力,從而顯著提高玉米籽粒產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率,以秸稈還田配施純氮300kg/hm2效果最優(yōu)。

    Abstract:

    In order to define the effect of straw returning with nitrogen application on soil properties and water use efficiency of maize in Yanghuang Irrigation Area of Ningxia, the treatment with uncovered straw and nitrogen application rate of 333kg/hm2 was taken as the control (CK), the effects of different nitrogen application rates of SR+N0 (0kg/hm2), SR+N1 (150kg/hm2), SR+N2 (300kg/hm2) and SR+N3 (450kg/hm2) on soil bulk density, water, nutrient, maize grain yield and water use efficiency were investigated. The results showed that the straw returning with nitrogen application could improve soil bulk density and total porosity in tilth soil (0~40cm), and the SR+N2 and SR+N3 treatments were the best. The mean tilth soil bulk densities with SR+N2 and SR+N3 were significantly increased by 8.0% and 8.8%, the mean total soil porosities were significantly increased by 11.4% and 12.5%, compared with CK. Straw returning with nitrogen application was useful for increasing soil organic carbon and total nitrogen at 0~40cm soil layer, and the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen with SR+N2 and SR+N3 were significantly increased, compared with CK. The ration of carbon to nitrogen was decreased with the increase of application rate of nitrogen under the condition of straw returning. The enhancement of soil fertility was the highest at SR+N2, with significant increase of the contents of soil alkelineN, available P, and available K by 33.6%, 47.0% and 30.8%, respectively. The SR+N2 treatment had better soil moisture conservation effect at middle and later growing stage of maize, and it also achieved the higher maize grain yield and water use efficiency improvement. The twoyear mean maize grain yield and water use efficiency with SR+N2 were significantly increased by 33.9% and 26.2%, respectively, compared with CK. Through the twoyear results it was found that straw returning with application of nitrogen can not only effectively improve soil physical properties, but also significantly increase the soil nutrient contents, regulate the ration of carbon to nitrogen, and showed the better soil water conservation ability, therefore significantly increased crop yield and water use efficiency in Yanghuang Irrigation Area of Ningxia. The straw returning with application of pure nitrogen for 300kg/hm2was the best.

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李榮,侯賢清,吳鵬年,李培富,王西娜.秸稈還田配施氮肥對(duì)土壤性狀與水分利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(8):289-298. LI Rong, HOU Xianqing, WU Pengnian, LI Peifu, WANG Xi’na. Effect of Straw Returning with Nitrogen Application on Soil Properties and Water Use Efficiency[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(8):289-298.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-02-19
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2019-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-08-10
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