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黑土區(qū)坡耕地施加生物炭對土壤結(jié)構(gòu)與大豆產(chǎn)量的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51479033)、國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC0400101)、黑龍江省博士后基金項目(LBH-Z17017)和東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村部農(nóng)業(yè)水資源高效利用重點實驗室開放項目(2017009)


Effects of Applying Biochar on Soil Structure and Soybean Yield on Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region
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    摘要:

    為探明黑土區(qū)施加生物炭對土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、土壤肥力和作物產(chǎn)量及其可持續(xù)性的影響,以東北黑土區(qū)3°坡耕地〖JP3〗田間徑流小區(qū)為研究對象,進(jìn)行了為期4年的觀測。2015年按照生物炭的施加量共設(shè)置C0(0t/hm2)、C25(25t/hm2)、〖JP〗C50(50t/hm2)、C75(75t/hm2)、C100(100t/hm2)5個處理,2016—2018年分別連續(xù)施加等量的生物炭。結(jié)果表明:連續(xù)4年隨施炭量的增加土壤容重呈逐漸降低趨勢、孔隙度呈逐漸升高趨勢,且施用年限越長,作用越明顯;連續(xù)4年廣義土壤結(jié)構(gòu)系數(shù)(GSSI)隨施炭量的增加呈先增大后減小的變化趨勢,土壤三相結(jié)構(gòu)距離指數(shù)(STPSD)呈先減小后增大的變化趨勢,均在第2年C50處理取得最大(小)值(98.31、4.87),同時土壤三相比最接近理想狀態(tài);連續(xù)4年大于0.25mm的土壤團(tuán)聚體含量(R025)、平均質(zhì)量直徑(MWD)、幾何平均直徑(GMD)隨施炭量的增加均呈先增大后減小的變化趨勢,均在第2年C50處理取得最大值;連續(xù)4年土壤速效鉀、有機(jī)質(zhì)含量隨施炭量的增加逐漸升高,土壤堿解氮和有效磷含量先增加后減小,各年份土壤堿解氮和有效磷含量提高最多的分別為C50(46.1%、76.6%)、C50(46.4%、85.4%)、C25(33%、100.7%)、C25(23.9%、103.2%);連續(xù)4年施加生物炭均可提高大豆產(chǎn)量、單株莢數(shù)、單株粒數(shù)和百粒質(zhì)量,在第2年C50處理增產(chǎn)最大,增產(chǎn)率為33.3%,同時產(chǎn)量可持續(xù)性最強,產(chǎn)量可持續(xù)性特征指數(shù)(SYI)為0.871。

    Abstract:

    In order to find out the effects of applying biochar on soil structure, soil fertility and crop yield and its sustainability in the black soil region, the field runoff plot of 3° sloping farmland in the black soil region of Northeast China was taken as the research object, and a fouryear observation was carried out. 〖JP3〗In 2015, according to the amount of biochar applied, five treatments of C0 (0t/hm2), C25 (25t/hm2),〖JP〗 C50 (50t/hm2), C75 (75t/hm2), and C100 (100t/hm2) were set. The treatments were applied as the same amount of biochar in 2016, 2017 and 2018. The results showed that the soil bulk density was decreased gradually with the increase of biochar application and the porosity was increased gradually, and the longer the application period was, the more obvious the effect was. The generalized soil structure coefficient (GSSI) of the four consecutive years was increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar loading, the soil threephase structure distance index (STPSD) was decreased first and then increased, and the maximum (minimum) value (98.31, 4.87) was obtained in the second year of C50 treatment. At the same time, the threephase ratio of soil was the closest to the ideal state. the contents of macroaggregates (R0.25), mean weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) for four consecutive years were increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar loading. The decreasing trend was the maximum in the C50 treatment in the second year. The soil available potassium and organic matter were increased gradually with the increase of biochar application for four consecutive years, and the soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus were increased first and then decreased. The highest increase of soil available nitrogen and available phosphorus in each year were C50 (46.1%, 76.6%), C50 (46.4%, 85.4%), C25 (33%, 100.7%) and C25 (23.9%, 103.2%). The application of biochar for four consecutive years can increase the yield of soybean and its components. In the second year, the C50 treatment increased the maximum yield, the yield was increased by 33.3%, and the yield was the most sustainable. The sustainability yield index (SYI) was 0.871. The research results can provide theoretical support for actual production.

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魏永霞,石國新,馮超,吳昱,劉慧.黑土區(qū)坡耕地施加生物炭對土壤結(jié)構(gòu)與大豆產(chǎn)量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2019,50(8):309-320. WEI Yongxia, SHI Guoxin, FENG Chao, WU Yu, LIU Hui. Effects of Applying Biochar on Soil Structure and Soybean Yield on Slope Farmland in Black Soil Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(8):309-320.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-12-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-08-10
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