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水氮互作對(duì)盆栽番茄生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和養(yǎng)分累積的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51779259)


Effects of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation of Potted Tomatoes
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    摘要:

    為探討不同水氮供應(yīng)對(duì)番茄生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和養(yǎng)分吸收的影響,以日光溫室盆栽番茄為研究對(duì)象,研究3種灌溉水平(灌水下限分別控制在田間持水率的50%、65%、80%,分別記為I1、I2和I3)和4種施氮水平(N和土壤質(zhì)量比為0、0.13、0.27、0.40g/kg,分別記為N0、N1、N2和N3)對(duì)番茄生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、生物量、組織含水率和養(yǎng)分累積量的影響。結(jié)果表明:葉面積、莖粗和株高均隨灌水量的增大而顯著增大,隨施氮量的增大呈顯著的先增大后減小趨勢(shì),且N1時(shí)各灌溉水平的生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)均最優(yōu);莖和葉含水率在各處理間無(wú)明顯規(guī)律,而果實(shí)含水率隨灌水量的增大而顯著增大,隨施氮量的增大而顯著減小;莖、葉和果實(shí)的干物質(zhì)量均隨灌水量的增大而極顯著的增大,隨施氮量的增大呈先增大后減小趨勢(shì),N1最有利于干物質(zhì)的形成;水分脅迫(I1)條件下增施氮肥有助于各組織對(duì)全氮(N)、全磷(P)和全鉀(K)的吸收,且養(yǎng)分更多的用于生殖生長(zhǎng),各組織對(duì)養(yǎng)分吸收的施氮閾值為0.13g/kg(N1);地上組織N、P、K累積量與干物質(zhì)量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與對(duì)應(yīng)的養(yǎng)分含量呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)(N和K除外),與組織含水率的相關(guān)性不顯著,且N累積量與P、K累積量均呈極顯著的正相關(guān),故增施氮肥可以促進(jìn)番茄對(duì)養(yǎng)分的吸收,特別是促進(jìn)對(duì)K的吸收。與N1I3處理相比,N1I2的果實(shí)干物質(zhì)量、N累積量和K累積量分別下降了3.04%、10.67%和12.08%,但可節(jié)約用水25%,因而灌溉控制下限為田間持水率的65%(I2)和施氮水平為0.13g/kg(N1)為最優(yōu)水氮組合模式,可實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)水、省肥功效,合理調(diào)控株型,為產(chǎn)量形成和品質(zhì)的優(yōu)化奠定基礎(chǔ)。

    Abstract:

    In order to explore the effects of different water and nitrogen application amounts on tomato growth and nutrient uptake, pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse, where treated tomatoes were taken as research object. The irrigation was resumed when soil moisture was reduced to 50%, 65% and 80% of field capacity, and three irrigation levels were therefore designed named as I1, I2 and I3, respectively. Each irrigation level was associated with four nitrogen application rates (Ratio of N to soil quality was 0g/kg, 0.13g/kg, 0.27g/kg and 0.40g/kg named as N0, N1, N2 and N3, respectively). The tomatoes growth, biomass, tissue water content and nutrient accumulation were measured in each treatment. The results showed that the leaf area per plant, stem diameter and plant height were significantly increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount. The optimal growth index was obtained in N1 treatment for each irrigation level. There was no obvious regularity of stem and leaf water content among all treatments. However, increasing irrigation amount significantly improved fruit water content, while increasing nitrogen application amount significantly reduced it. The dry matter content of stems, leaves and fruits were increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application amount, and increased significantly with the increase of irrigation amount. Especially, N1 was the most conducive to dry matter formation. The plant tissues could absorb more total nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P) and potassium (K)when increasing nitrogen application amount under water stress (I1) condition, which benefitted plant reproductive growth. The optimal nitrogen application amount for nutrient uptake by tissues was 0.13g/kg (N1). The accumulated N, P and K of above ground tissues was positively correlated with dry matter and negatively with corresponding nutrient concentrations (except N and K), but not with tissues’ water content. The accumulated N was positively related to accumulated P and K, thus, increasing nitrogen application amount could promote nutrient uptake of tomatoes, especially K uptake. In comparison with N1I3 treatment, the fruit dry matter,nitrogen accumulation and potassium accumulation of N1I2 treatment was decreased by 3.04%, 10.67% and 12.08%, respectively, but the irrigation amount was saved by 25%. The results revealed that the irrigation resumed at 65% of field capacity (I2) associated with 0.13g/kg (N1) was the optimal water-nitrogen combination treatment, which can save water and fertilizer, as well as regulate plant type, and lay the foundation for improving yield and quality.

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李歡歡,劉浩,龐婕,李雙,崔永生,孫景生.水氮互作對(duì)盆栽番茄生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和養(yǎng)分累積的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(9):272-279. LI Huanhuan, LIU Hao, PANG Jie, LI Shuang, CUI Yongsheng, SUN Jingsheng. Effects of Water and Nitrogen Interaction on Growth and Nutrient Accumulation of Potted Tomatoes[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(9):272-279.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-09-10
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