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稻田總磷遷移規(guī)律與最佳灌排模式研究
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江蘇省水利科技項(xiàng)目(2016007)、江蘇省研究生科研創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(KYCX17_0444)、中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(2017B629X14)和國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51579069)


Migration Rule of Total Phosphorus in Paddy Fields and Election of Optimal Irrigation and Drainage Mode
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    以超級(jí)稻為試驗(yàn)對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),利用測(cè)桶試驗(yàn),研究淺水勤灌、控制灌溉、淺濕調(diào)控、覆秸稈旱作灌排模式下地下排水及不同深度土壤滲漏液的總磷遷移規(guī)律。結(jié)果表明,與淺水勤灌和淺濕調(diào)控相比,控制灌溉和覆秸稈旱作顯著降低了灌水量、灌水次數(shù)、地下排水量、總磷濃度和總磷流失負(fù)荷,有明顯的節(jié)水省工減排效果。不同灌排模式地下排水總磷質(zhì)量濃度波動(dòng)下降,最大為0.450mg/L;不同灌排模式、不同深度土壤滲漏液中,總磷濃度表現(xiàn)不同,除分蘗后期外均為表層最高,且隨土壤剖面深度的增加而降低。淺濕調(diào)控和覆秸稈旱作的土壤滲漏液總磷濃度高于淺水勤灌和控制灌溉??刂乒喔?、覆秸稈旱作兩年灌溉水分生產(chǎn)率均顯著高于淺濕調(diào)控、淺水勤灌。與淺水勤灌相比,控制灌溉顯著增產(chǎn)10.45%,覆秸稈旱作顯著減產(chǎn)14.69%。綜合灌排水量、灌水次數(shù)、磷素流失負(fù)荷、產(chǎn)量和灌溉水分生產(chǎn)率,控制灌溉是節(jié)水、省工、減排、高產(chǎn)的最佳灌排模式。

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    Taking super rice as test material, the randomized block design method and barrel experiment were conducted to investigate the effects of four treatments with migration of total phosphorus (TP) in underground drainage and soil leakage loss risks and movement of phosphorus and rice yield. Four treatments were:frequent shallow irrigation (FSI), controlled irrigation (CI) wetshallow irrigation (WSI) and drought planting with straw mulching (DPS). The results showed that compared with FSI and WSI, CI and DPS could significantly reduce irrigation amount and irrigation frequency, the concentration of TP in underground drainage and underground drainage, and effectively promote water saving and emission reduction. Under different irrigation and drainage modes, there were many fluctuations in the whole growth period, and the maximum concentration of TP in underground drainage was 0.450mg/L. The TP concentration in soil seepage at different depths was different in different irrigation and drainage modes. Except for the late tillering period, the TP concentration was the highest on the surface and decreased with the increase of soil profile depth. The TP concentration of soil seepage in WSI and DPS was higher than that in FSI and CI. Compared with the FSI, the yield of CI was increased by 10.45% and the DPS was decreased by 14.69%. The productivity of irrigation water in two years of CI and DPS was significantly higher than that of WSI and FSI. Comprehensively considering the irrigation and drainage, irrigation frequency and phosphorus loss, yield and irrigation water productivity, CI was the best mode for water saving, labor saving, emission reduction and high yield.

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郝樹榮,王子欣,潘永春,吳蘊(yùn)玉,鄭成鑫,陳文猛.稻田總磷遷移規(guī)律與最佳灌排模式研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(10):306-314. HAO Shurong, WANG Zixin, PAN Yongchun, WU Yunyu, ZHENG Chengxin, CHEN Wenmeng. Migration Rule of Total Phosphorus in Paddy Fields and Election of Optimal Irrigation and Drainage Mode[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(10):306-314.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-03-24
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2019-10-10
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