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灌排模式和施氮水平對(duì)水稻株高與莖蘗生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51879074、51479063)


Effects of Irrigation and Drainage Modes and Nitrogen Levels on Rice Plant Height and Tiller Growth Dynamics
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    摘要:

    為探究灌排模式、施氮水平對(duì)水稻株高、莖蘗生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)的影響,以稻田水位作為調(diào)控指標(biāo),通過(guò)測(cè)坑控水試驗(yàn),采用Logistic曲線(xiàn)以及DMOR數(shù)學(xué)模型定量分析不同施氮水平下分蘗期先旱后澇(FHL)、拔節(jié)孕穗期先旱后澇(BHL)以及控制灌排(CID)3種處理對(duì)株高、莖蘗生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)的影響。結(jié)果表明:灌排模式主要通過(guò)改變水稻株高、莖蘗的生長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以及生長(zhǎng)速率來(lái)影響株高、莖蘗生長(zhǎng),最大株高由大到小表現(xiàn)為CID處理、FHL處理、BHL處理,最大莖蘗數(shù)由大到小表現(xiàn)為CID處理、BHL處理、FHL處理。施氮主要是通過(guò)提高水稻株高、莖蘗的生長(zhǎng)速率來(lái)促進(jìn)株高、莖蘗生長(zhǎng);最大株高隨著施氮量的增加而增加,CID和FHL兩種處理下,最大株高由施氮150kg/hm2的98.9、97.8cm增加到施氮300kg/hm2的102.4、101.2cm,繼續(xù)施氮沒(méi)有顯著提高;CID處理和BHL處理下,最大莖蘗數(shù)隨著施氮量的增加而增加;FHL處理下,低氮處理和高氮處理的最大莖蘗數(shù)顯著小于中氮處理。灌排模式與施氮水平的交互作用對(duì)株高、莖蘗數(shù)動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程均有極顯著影響,增施氮肥在一定程度上可以緩解因水分脅迫所引起的株高、莖蘗數(shù)的下降,但是高氮會(huì)加重水分脅迫,不利于株高、莖蘗的生長(zhǎng)。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the effects of irrigation and drainage modes and nitrogen level on rice plant height and tiller growth dynamics, the water level in the paddy field was taken as the control index in the leaching-pond. Logistic curve and DMOR mathematical model were used to quantitatively analyze the effects of drought and flood alternating stress in tillering (FHL) and the drought and flood alternating stress in jointing-booting (BHL) stage and controlled irrigation and drainage treatment (CID) at different nitrogen levels on plant height and tiller dynamics. The results showed that the irrigation and drainage modes promoted the plant height and tillers mainly by changing the growth time and increasing growth rate of plant height and tillers. The maximum of plant height was shown as BHL, FHL and CID in descending order and the maximum number of tillers was shown as FHL, BHL and CID in descending order. Nitrogen fertilizer application promoted the plant height and tillers mainly by increasing growth rate of plant height and tillers. The maximum of plant height was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, from 98.9cm and 97.8cm with 150kg/hm2 input to 102.4cm and 101.2cm with 300kg/hm2 input, and no further significant increase was observed with more nitrogen input. Under the treatment of CID and BHL, maximum number of tillers was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. Under the treatment of FHL, the maximum tiller number under low nitrogen treatment and high nitrogen treatment was less than that under medium nitrogen treatment. The interaction between irrigation and drainage mode and nitrogen level had a very significant impact on the dynamic process of plant height and tillering. The decrease of plant height and tiller number caused by water stress could be alleviated by increasing nitrogen fertilizer to some extent. However, high nitrogen level can aggravate water stress, which was not conducive to the growth of plant height and tillers.

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俞雙恩,張夢(mèng)婷,陳凱文,李倩倩,王梅.灌排模式和施氮水平對(duì)水稻株高與莖蘗生長(zhǎng)動(dòng)態(tài)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(11):210-218. YU Shuang’en, ZHANG Mengting, CHEN Kaiwen, LI Qianqian, WANG Mei. Effects of Irrigation and Drainage Modes and Nitrogen Levels on Rice Plant Height and Tiller Growth Dynamics[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(11):210-218.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-04-24
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2019-11-10
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