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生物炭對(duì)不同地下水位番茄需水規(guī)律與產(chǎn)量的影響
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江蘇“青藍(lán)工程”項(xiàng)目、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51879072)和江蘇省水利科技項(xiàng)目(2015087)


Effects of Biochar on Water Requirement Regulation and Yield of Tomato under Different Groundwater Tables
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    摘要:

    為解決漬水脅迫這一困擾南方避雨栽培區(qū)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的障礙性問(wèn)題,定量評(píng)估施加生物炭對(duì)緩解作物漬害的影響,以避雨栽培番茄為對(duì)象,借助土柱試驗(yàn),系統(tǒng)分析不同地下水位及生物炭施加量對(duì)作物耗水規(guī)律、土壤氧化還原電位及產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,地下水位越淺,作物漬害脅迫越嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致耗水量越少;施用生物炭后,作物耗水量顯著降低,生物炭保水作用隨地下水位降低而有所削弱。地下水補(bǔ)給量隨地下水埋深變大而減小,相同地下水位條件下,施用生物炭可顯著增加地下水利用量。施用生物炭可使土壤氧化還原電位變大,改善土壤通氣性能。地下水位在-80cm時(shí),5%生物炭施加量可顯著提高番茄產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率,其增幅分別達(dá)到38.7%、56.6%,地下水位對(duì)番茄產(chǎn)量影響顯著,而地下水位和生物炭交互作用對(duì)產(chǎn)量及水分利用效率影響均不顯著。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to solve waterlogging stress, an obstacle that limits agricultural production under rain-shelter cultivation in southern China, and quantitatively evaluate the possible influences of biochar on alleviating damage to crops caused by waterlogging stress, tomato was taken as the experimental object, and the effects of different groundwater tables and biochar application rates on water consumption, soil redox potential and yield were analyzed systematically by soil column experiments. The results showed that the shallower the groundwater table was, the more serious the influence of waterlogging stress on tomato was, leading to less water consumption. The total water requirement was significantly reduced with biochar application. However, the soil water kept by biochar was weakened with the decrease of groundwater table. The groundwater recharge was decreased with the increase of groundwater depth. Under the same groundwater table, the application of biochar could significantly increase the contribution of groundwater to water consumption. Biochar application could increase the soil redox potential and improve the ventilation performance of soil. When the groundwater table was -80cm, 5% biochar addition could significantly improve tomato yield and water use efficiency, with an increase of 38.7% and 56.6%, respectively. Groundwater table significantly affected tomato yield, but the interaction of groundwater table and biochar had no significant effect on yield and water use efficiency.

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邵光成,高陽(yáng),林潔,劉正軍,黃豆豆.生物炭對(duì)不同地下水位番茄需水規(guī)律與產(chǎn)量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2019,50(11):250-258. SHAO Guangcheng, GAO Yang, LIN Jie, LIU Zhengjun, HUANG Doudou. Effects of Biochar on Water Requirement Regulation and Yield of Tomato under Different Groundwater Tables[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2019,50(11):250-258.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-06-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2019-11-10
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