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農用無人機移動補給平臺自主降落算法與試驗
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國家現代農業(yè)產業(yè)技術體系特色蔬菜創(chuàng)新團隊項目(CARS24D01)


Investigation and Experiment on Autonomous Landing Algorithm of Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Movable Supply Platform
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    摘要:

    為實現根據無人機作業(yè)位置改變中途補充能源或噴灑物的起降地點,增加無人機有效作業(yè)時間,提高無人機作業(yè)效率,設計了無人機移動補給平臺。通過研究農用無人機自主降落過程,提出一種基于模糊邏輯和比例積分微分(Proportional-integral and derivative, PID)分段控制的農用無人機跟蹤降落算法,該算法既擁有PID算法的高精度,又兼顧模糊控制算法響應速度快、超調量小、魯棒性強的優(yōu)點。目標軌跡跟蹤預測由粒子濾波器跟蹤算法和軌跡擬合算法相結合進行求解。仿真和現場試驗表明,與單一的PID算法和模糊邏輯算法相比,分段控制算法能夠把農用無人機對移動補給平臺的跟蹤誤差縮小到6.7cm以內,在移動補給平臺上的降落精度控制在7.2cm以內。

    Abstract:

    The movable supply platform of agricultural unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can change the landing site of midway supplying according to the variation of the UAVs location. It was mainly focused on the autonomous landing of agricultural UAVs on movable supply platform. The main novelty was that a piecewise control algorithm which combined the fuzzy logic control and PID control was proposed to control the landing process. When the distance error between the agricultural UAV and the movable supply platform was larger than the preset threshold, the fuzzy logic control was used to control the landing process due to its quick response character. When the distance error was smaller than the preset threshold, the PID control was used due to its high precision character. The detailed control process was as follows, firstly, in order to increase the recognition accuracy of UAV on movable platform, the upper part of the movable platform was designed to be a structure symmetry “H” pattern and the lower part was designed to be a contrasting QR code pattern. The UAV could use the optical flow algorithm to detect the black and white points, such that the relative speed between UAV and the platform could be calculated. Secondly, the dynamic model of UAV was constructed and then transformed its coordinates to the global coordinates to calculate the position error between agricultural UAV and the platform. Thirdly, the particle filter tracking algorithm and fitting function was used to fit the movement path of the UAV. At last, the proposed control method was used to control the UAV move along the fitted path. Using correlation coefficient index the Matlab simulation results proved the superiority of the proposed control method in tracking step signal and sinusoidal signal compared with individual fuzzy control method and PID control method. Furthermore, field test proved the control method could reduce the tracking error between UAV and movable supply platform to no more than 6.7cm and the landing accuracy on movable supply to no more than 7.2cm.

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祖林祿,侯加林,陳民,王紅,蘇斐.農用無人機移動補給平臺自主降落算法與試驗[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(3):43-50. ZU Linlu, HOU Jialin, CHEN Min, WANG Hong, SU Fei. Investigation and Experiment on Autonomous Landing Algorithm of Agricultural Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Movable Supply Platform[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(3):43-50.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-03-10
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