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玉米摘穗割臺剛柔耦合減損機理分析與試驗
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國家自然科學基金項目(51705193)和吉林大學研究生創(chuàng)新基金項目(101832018C008)


Loss Reduction Mechanism and Experiment on Snapping of Rigid-Flexible Coupling Corn Head
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    摘要:

    為探究剛柔耦合結構在玉米摘穗中的減損作用及機理,以板式摘穗機構和具有緩沖彈簧的輪式摘穗機構為2種基本結構,以剛性觸穗表面和柔性觸穗表面為2種基本表面,構建4種摘穗機構作為研究對象,進行摘穗速度下的玉米果穗碰撞試驗,分析碰撞參數(shù)和籽粒損失情況。結果顯示,剛柔耦合結構可有效改變碰撞參數(shù),并降低果穗籽粒損失。緩沖彈簧可縮短果穗的碰撞時間,當輪式摘穗機構觸穗表面分別為剛性、柔性材料時,碰撞時間比板式摘穗機構分別縮短62.2%、67.3%,碰撞沖量降低60.6%、76.0%,掉粒質量降低14.4%、25.6%。柔性觸穗表面可降低果穗受到的沖擊力,在板式和輪式摘穗機構上,柔性觸穗表面的果穗碰撞時間比剛性觸穗表面分別延長78.4%、53.8%,最大沖擊力降低45.1%、55.2%,碰撞沖量降低19.9%、51.2%,掉粒質量降低34.1%、42.8%。本研究可為玉米摘穗割臺的減損設計提供理論依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    A wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device was designed to reduce kernel loss on corn head. There were two forms of rigid-flexible coupling structure in the device, namely, buffer spring and flexible contacting surface. The buffer spring was fixed to play a cushioning role when the snapping rolls were impacted by corn ear, and the flexible contacting surface was fixed on the snapping rolls to decrease hardness. In order to explore the different roles that two kinds of rigid-flexible coupling structure played in loss reducing of the designed snapping device, impact experiments of corn ear were conducted to study the mechanisms. The experiments were carried out on the widely used corn head with deck plates and the corn head with wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device respectively. Each of the snapping devices was equipped with steel surface and flexible contacting surface composed of silicon rubber. The impact velocity was determined according to the typical working conditions of corn harvester. The impact parameters, including impact time, peak acceleration and impulse as well as the mass of detached kernels were collected. The result showed that buffer spring could shorten the impact time. Compared with snapping device equipped with deck plates, the impact time of corn ear on wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping device were shortened by 62.2% and 67.3%, corresponding to steel surface and flexible surface, respectively. Moreover, the impulse was decreased by 60.6% and 76.0%, and the detached kernels mass was decreased by 14.4% and 25.6%. On the other hand, flexible surface could reduce the ear’s impact force by prolonging impact time. Compared with the steel surfaces, impact time of corn head with flexible contacting surfaces were prolonged by 78.4% and 53.8% corresponding to corn head with deck plates and the one with wheel type rigid-flexible coupling snapping devices, respectively, which caused the declines of peak impact force by 45.1% and 55.2%, impulse reduction by 19.9% and 51.2%, respectively, and resulted in a decrease of detached kernel mass by 34.1% and 42.8%. The research can provide theoretical basis for the designs aiming to reduce kernel loss of corn head.

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付乾坤,付君,陳志,任露泉.玉米摘穗割臺剛柔耦合減損機理分析與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(4):60-68. FU Qiankun, FU Jun, CHEN Zhi, REN Luquan. Loss Reduction Mechanism and Experiment on Snapping of Rigid-Flexible Coupling Corn Head[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(4):60-68.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-11-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-04-10
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