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液肥穴施肥機扎穴針體與土壤互作仿真分析及試驗
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51905086、51675093)、中國博士后科學(xué)基金項目(2019M661241)、黑龍江省博士后面上項目(LBH-Z19044)和東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)“青年才俊”項目(18QC19)


Simulation Analysis and Test of Interaction between Pricking Hole Needle Body of Liquid Fertilizer Hole Applicator and Soil
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    摘要:

    針對液肥穴施肥機斜置式扎穴機構(gòu)扎穴時,觸土部件-針體所受三向阻力變化規(guī)律以及土壤動態(tài)行為特性難以直接通過試驗獲取問題,通過采用Drucker-Prager屈服準(zhǔn)則構(gòu)建穴施土壤有限元模型,運用ADAMS運動學(xué)分析模塊獲得扎穴機構(gòu)噴肥針扎穴軌跡,利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA顯示動力學(xué)軟件建立噴肥針與土壤互作仿真模型。以Z軸方向針體所受最大壓力(均指絕對值)為測量指標(biāo),工作參數(shù)為影響因素,進(jìn)行噴肥針單向受力虛擬和臺架對比試驗。結(jié)果表明,壓力皆隨前進(jìn)速度和扎穴機構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)速的增大先增大后減小,仿真和試驗數(shù)據(jù)接近,變化趨勢基本相同。以噴肥針前進(jìn)速度0.62m/s、扎穴機構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)速70r/min及斜置角20°為仿真工作參數(shù),對針體進(jìn)行三向阻力以及土壤動態(tài)行為仿真分析,可知噴肥針在3個方向的阻力先增大后減小。0~0189s內(nèi)即噴肥針入土過程,針體在X軸方向阻力緩慢上升,說明噴肥針對前進(jìn)方向土壤擾動較??;針體在Z軸方向上阻力增大較快,說明噴肥針沖擊土壤作用較強,土壤受到針尖剪切致使應(yīng)力主要集中在此方向上,在0.189s阻力達(dá)到最大值21.69N;針體在Y軸方向上阻力較小,說明噴肥針擠壓土壤作用較弱,在0.189s阻力達(dá)到最大值8.56N。0.189~0.214s內(nèi)即噴肥針原位置自身擺動過程,針體在X軸方向阻力增大趨勢變快,說明噴肥針對前進(jìn)方向土壤產(chǎn)生較大擾動;其他兩個方向阻力基本保持不變。0.214~0.350s內(nèi)即噴肥針出土過程,噴肥針在Z軸和Y軸方向阻力逐漸減小直至變?yōu)?;其中在0.214~0.238s內(nèi),針體在X軸方向阻力瞬間增大,說明噴肥針對前進(jìn)方向土壤產(chǎn)生強烈擠壓,0.238s達(dá)到最大值31.87N。在整個扎穴過程中,穴口形成是噴肥針出土過程自身的擺動姿態(tài)與前進(jìn)方向土壤擾動引起的,因此針體沿X軸方向阻力影響顯著,符合實際扎穴規(guī)律。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to directly obtain the threedimensional resistance variation law and soil dynamic behavior characteristics of the soil contact componentneedle body through experiments when the liquid fertilizer hole applicator is pricked with the inclined pricking hole mechanism. By adopting the Drucker-Prager yield criterion to construct the finite element model of hole application soil, the ADAMS kinematics analysis module was applied to obtain the pricking hole track of fertilizer spraying needle of pricking hole mechanism, and ANSYS/LS-DYNA display dynamics software was used to establish the interaction simulation model between fertilizer spraying needle and soil. Taking the maximum pressure on the needle body in the Zaxis direction as the measurement index and the working parameters as the influencing factors, the virtual and bench comparative tests of single way stress on the fertilizer spraying needle were carried out. The results revealed that the pressure was increased first and then decreased with the increase of the advancing speed and the rotation of puncture speed. The simulation and test data were close in size and the change trend was basically the same. Taking the advance speed of the fertilizer spraying needle (062m/s), the rotation speed of the puncture hole (70r/min) and the inclined angle (20°) as the simulation working parameters, the threedimensional resistance of the needle body and the dynamic behavior of the soil were simulated and analyzed. The analysis disclosed that the resistance of the fertilizer spraying needle in the three directions was increased first and then decreased. Within 0~0189s, the process of the fertilizer spraying needle entering the soil, the resistance of the needle body was changed slowly in the Xaxis direction, indicating that the fertilizer spraying disturbed less to the soil in the advancing direction. The resistance of the needle body was increased rapidly in the Zaxis direction, which indicated that the fertilizer spraying needle had a strong impact on the soil. The stress of the soil was mainly concentrated in this direction due to the shear of the needle tip, and the resistance reached the maximum value of 21.69N at 0.189s. The resistance of the needle body in the Yaxis direction was small, which indicated that the squeezing effect of the fertilizer spraying needle on the soil was weak, and the resistance reached the maximum value of 8.56N at 0.189s. Within 0.189~0.214s, the original position of the fertilizer spraying needle swung itself, the resistance of the needle body was increased rapidly in the Xaxis direction, which indicated that fertilizer spraying needle triggered great disturbance to the soil in the advancing direction. The resistance values in the other two directions remained basically unchanged. Within 0.214~0.350s, the excavation of the fertilizer spraying needle, the resistance of the needle in the Zaxis and Yaxis directions were gradually decreased until it became zero. Among them, within 0.214~0.238s, the resistance of the needle body in the Xaxis direction was increased instantly, indicating that fertilizer spraying produced strong extrusion on the soil in the forward direction, reaching the maximum value of 31.87N at 0.238s. During the whole pricking process, the formation of the puncture opening was mainly caused by the swing posture of the fertilizer spraying needle itself and the soil disturbance in the forward direction during the excavation process. Therefore, the resistance of the needle body along the Xaxis direction was influenced significantly, which conformed to the actual pricking hole law. The simulation method of needlesoil interaction provided can be a reference for the optimization design of fertilizer spraying needle and the research of clay characteristics.

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周文琪,孫小博,劉子銘,齊鑫,江東璇,王金武.液肥穴施肥機扎穴針體與土壤互作仿真分析及試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(4):87-94. ZHOU Wenqi, SUN Xiaobo, LIU Ziming, QI Xin, JIANG Dongxuan, WANG Jinwu. Simulation Analysis and Test of Interaction between Pricking Hole Needle Body of Liquid Fertilizer Hole Applicator and Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(4):87-94.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-04-10
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