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苦瓜微波-熱風(fēng)振動床干燥濕熱特性與表觀形態(tài)研究
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廣東省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018B020241003-10)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0400900)


Moisture and Heat Characteristics and Apparent Form of Balsam Pears in Microwave-Hotairflow Vibrating Bed Drying
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    摘要:

    為探索熱風(fēng)對苦瓜片微波干燥特性、濕熱特性與表觀形態(tài)的影響,利用微波-熱風(fēng)振動流化床干燥機(jī),研究了新鮮苦瓜片在不同微波-熱風(fēng)組合方式下的干燥動力學(xué)特性、熱像變化、水分狀態(tài)分布、色澤以及微觀結(jié)構(gòu)的變化。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:熱風(fēng)對微波振動流化床干燥有顯著影響,微波0.6W/g、微波0.6W/g+熱風(fēng)60℃+風(fēng)速3m/s、微波0.6W/g+熱風(fēng)70℃+風(fēng)速6m/s比單獨(dú)熱風(fēng)70℃+風(fēng)速3m/s的干燥時(shí)間分別縮短56.4%、70.5%和75.6%。在表觀形態(tài)上,單獨(dú)熱風(fēng)干燥的脫水苦瓜片與新鮮苦瓜片色澤最為接近,兩組微波-熱風(fēng)組合干燥所得樣品色澤優(yōu)于單獨(dú)微波干燥。在濕熱特性上,微波-熱風(fēng)組合干燥后期物料溫度均勻性顯著優(yōu)于單獨(dú)微波干燥,4種干燥方式下NMR波譜下的水分信號逐漸降低,且主峰向左移,水分的活躍程度降低,MRI信號顯示,熱風(fēng)能改善微波干燥過程中水分分布均勻性。掃描電鏡觀測表明,單獨(dú)熱風(fēng)干燥對保持脫水苦瓜片細(xì)胞完整性效果最明顯,微波-熱風(fēng)組合干燥的細(xì)胞完整性顯著優(yōu)于單獨(dú)微波干燥。微波-熱風(fēng)組合振動流化床干燥工藝在保證被干物料品質(zhì)前提下還極大提高了物料干燥效率,縮短了干燥時(shí)間。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to explore the effect of wetthermal characteristics and morphology of hotairflow on the microwave vibrating fluidized bed drying, the drying kinetics,thermal image changes,water distribution,color and microstructure of fresh bitter gourd slices under four microwave-hotairflow drying modes were studied by microwave-hotairflow vibrating dryer. The results showed that the hotairflow temperature had a significant effect on microwave-hotairflow vibrating fluidized bed drying. The drying time of hotairflow drying was slower, and the drying time of microwave drying alone, microwave power 0.6W/g+hotairflow 60℃+ airspeed 3m/s, microwave power 0.6W/g+hotairflow 70℃+ airspeed 6m/s was 56.4%,70.5% and 75.6% shorter than that of the hotairflow drying with hot air 70℃+airspeed 3m/s. The color of dehydrated product by hotairflow was closest to fresh balsam pear slices, the color of dehydrated product by microwave-hotairflow combination drying was better than that of microwave drying alone. The temperature uniformity of microwave-hotairflow combination drying was significantly better than that of microwave drying alone and hotairflow drying alone. The moisture signal was gradually decreased and the main peak was moved to the left under NMR spectrum by four drying modes. The MRI signal showed that hotairflow had a significant effect on the uniformity of water distribution during microwave drying. Scanning electron microscopy observation showed that the hotairflow drying was the most obvious to maintain the cell integrity of dehydrated product, and the cell integrity of microwave-hotairflow drying was better than that of microwave alone. The study provided a theoretical basis for the processing technology selection of dehydrated product.

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呂豪,呂黃珍,楊炳南,呂為喬,杜志龍.苦瓜微波-熱風(fēng)振動床干燥濕熱特性與表觀形態(tài)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(4):373-381. Lv Hao, Lv Huangzhen, YANG Bingnan, L Weiqiao, DU Zhilong. Moisture and Heat Characteristics and Apparent Form of Balsam Pears in Microwave-Hotairflow Vibrating Bed Drying[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(4):373-381.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-10-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-04-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-04-10
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