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免耕播種機切茬導草組合式草土分離裝置設計與試驗
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陜西省重點產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新鏈項目(2019ZDLNY02-03、2018ZDCXL-NY-03-06)和國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0200601、2016YFD020060101)


Design and Experiment of Grass-Soil Separation Device with Combination of Stubble Cutting and Grass Guiding Used for No-till Planter
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    摘要:

    針對玉米免耕播種機在麥茬地作業(yè)時機具通過困難、苗帶草土混雜、作業(yè)質量差等問題,提出驅動切茬和被動導草聯(lián)合作業(yè)的技術思路,設計了一種切茬導草組合式草土分離裝置,實現(xiàn)了秸稈及雜草的切割撥拋和引導分流。對凹面缺口圓盤刀和導草板等關鍵部件與秸稈及雜草間的相互作用規(guī)律進行理論分析,確定了關鍵影響因素及其取值范圍;運用CFD仿真技術確定了導草板的最優(yōu)參數(shù);借助EDEM離散元仿真技術建立了草土分離裝置-土壤-秸稈相互作用的仿真模型,確定凹面缺口圓盤刀的最優(yōu)結構參數(shù)組合;通過田間試驗對該裝置的作業(yè)性能進行了驗證。研究結果表明:影響切茬導草組合式草土分離裝置作業(yè)性能的主要結構參數(shù)為凹面缺口圓盤刀刀盤入土深度、刀齒高度和刀盤偏角。當?shù)侗P入土深度為73.63mm、刀齒高度為69.70mm、刀盤偏角為23.41°時,該裝置機具通過性良好,且作業(yè)性能穩(wěn)定,苗帶秸稈清除率和土壤擾動量平均值分別為90.16%和20.85%,符合玉米免耕播種作業(yè)農(nóng)藝和技術要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of no-till corn planter, such as difficulty of passing through stubble fields, mixing of grass and soil in the seeding strip and the poor operation quality, a grass-soil separation device with combination of stubble cutting and grass guiding was designed based on the technical idea of combined operation of driving stubble cutting and passive guide grass. Several functions were achieved using the device, including cutting, poking, throwing, guiding, separation and flowing of both straw and grass. Based on the theoretical analysis of the interaction law between the key components (e.g., concave notched disc cutter and guide grass board) and straw and grass, key influencing factors and their value ranges were investigated. The optimal parameters of the guide board were determined by using CFD simulation software. To determine the optimal combination of structural parameters of concave notched disc cutter, the interaction model of grass-soil separation device-soil-straw was established by using EDEM discrete element simulation technology. The results showed that the main structural parameters affecting the tool performance were embedded depth, the height of cutter tooth and the angle of blade. When the embedded depth, blade height and knife dish angle were 73.63mm, 69.70mm and 23.41°, respectively, the performance of the device was the best, as indicated by good passage of the device with seeding straw cleaning rate of 90.16% and soil disturbance of 20.85%, which could meet the agronomic and technical requirements of no-till corn planter. Moreover, the device working performance was stable. 

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黃玉祥,高鵬洋,張慶凱,沈浩,朱瑞祥,史江濤.免耕播種機切茬導草組合式草土分離裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(5):67-78. HUANG Yuxiang, GAO Pengyang, ZHANG Qingkai, SHEN Hao, ZHU Ruixiang, SHI Jiangtao. Design and Experiment of Grass-Soil Separation Device with Combination of Stubble Cutting and Grass Guiding Used for No-till Planter[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(5):67-78.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-10
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