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探出開孔式高速水稻膜上插秧機分插機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗
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國家自然科學基金面上項目(51775104)


Design and Experiment of High-speed Rice Transplanter with Extensible Mulch Cutting Mechanism in Mulching Cultivation System
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    摘要:

    針對水稻覆膜栽培機械作業(yè)過程中存在分插機構(gòu)直接插秧造成秧苗根系損傷或開孔裝置結(jié)構(gòu)復雜造成同步性差、漏插等問題,設(shè)計了一種切膜開孔、分秧栽植配合精準的一體式高速水稻膜上插秧機分插機構(gòu)。通過分析其結(jié)構(gòu)特點和工作原理,建立分插機構(gòu)運動學模型,基于Visual Basic 6.0軟件編寫了計算機輔助分析與優(yōu)化軟件,優(yōu)化得到滿足水稻覆膜栽培農(nóng)藝要求的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和秧針尖點和切膜開孔刀尖點軌跡,優(yōu)化結(jié)果為:取秧角16.01°、推秧角62.43°、膜上開孔長度44.31mm、膜孔與穴口偏差5.02mm、栽植位置21.63mm;將三維建模仿真與高速攝像試驗相結(jié)合,對比分析可知,仿真軌跡、試驗軌跡與理論軌跡基本一致,驗證了分插機構(gòu)設(shè)計的正確性和合理性;土槽試驗結(jié)果表明,在速比特征系數(shù)λ=1.57時,分插機構(gòu)能夠依次完成切膜開孔與栽植動作,膜上穴口長度和栽植位置的實測值與理論值偏差均小于4mm,符合水稻膜上探出開孔式分插機構(gòu)設(shè)計要求。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of the root of rice seedling were damaged because of the existing rice transplanting mechanism without mulch cutting device or the structure of the mulch cutting device was complicated causing poor synchronization and missing transplanting, the high-speed transplanter with extensible mulch cutting mechanism in the mulching cultivation system was designed based on the agronomic requirements of rice transplanting. The working principles of theoretical model was analyzed and a kinematic model of the rice transplanting mechanism was established. Computer-aided analysis and optimization software based on the Visual Basic 6.0 was developed and used to obtain a set of structure parameters and the trajectory of seedling-picking needle tip point and mulch cutting knife endpoint trajectory, which satisfied the transplanting requirements, the optimized parameters were as follows: seedling-picking angle was 16.01°, seedling-pushing angle was 62.43°, the mulch slit length was 44.31mm,the deviation of the mulch slit was 5.02mm, and planting position was 21.63mm. The 3D simulation model was combined with high speed photography test, the prototype machine test results were consistent with the theoretical analysis and virtual simulation results, the correctness and rationality of the design of extensible mulch cutting slit mechanism were verified. The soil bin transplanting experiment was conducted, the test showed that when the speed ratio characteristic coefficient was 1.57, the mechanism can finish cutting mulch and transplanting at the same time, the mulch slit length and plant location deviation of measured value with the theoretical values were less than 4mm, which reflected the practicality of the rice transpalnter with extensible mulch cutting mechanism.

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許春林,單伊尹,辛亮,解江濤,李崢,趙勻.探出開孔式高速水稻膜上插秧機分插機構(gòu)設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(5):79-87. XU Chunlin, SHAN Yiyin, XIN Liang, XIE Jiangtao, LI Zheng, ZHAO Yun. Design and Experiment of High-speed Rice Transplanter with Extensible Mulch Cutting Mechanism in Mulching Cultivation System[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(5):79-87.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-10
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