0.05),T6處理產(chǎn)量?jī)H比T3處理高5.68%(2018年)、0.90%(2019年),T3處理較T6處理灌水量分別降低了22.57%(2018年)、13.59%(2019年)。因此,棗樹(shù)各生育時(shí)期最適宜的土壤水分下限分別為:萌芽展葉期55%θf(wàn)、開(kāi)花座果期75%θf(wàn)、果實(shí)膨大期65%θf(wàn)、果實(shí)成熟期65%θf(wàn),上限均為90%θf(wàn)。本研究結(jié)果可為微孔滲灌種植寧夏靈武長(zhǎng)棗和水分管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。"/>

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基于土壤水分下限的靈武長(zhǎng)棗微孔滲灌灌溉制度研究
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31760236)、寧夏回族自治區(qū)重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018BFG02016)、寧夏重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃(農(nóng)業(yè)科技園區(qū))項(xiàng)目和發(fā)展中國(guó)家科技援助項(xiàng)目(KY201904010)


Irrigation Schedule of Microporous Infiltration Irrigation for Lingwu Jujube Based on Lower Limit of Soil Moisture
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    摘要:

    為探明土壤水分下限對(duì)靈武長(zhǎng)棗微孔滲灌的影響及確定各生育時(shí)期的最佳灌水量,以6年生靈武長(zhǎng)棗為研究對(duì)象,采用GC-003物聯(lián)網(wǎng)控制和土壤水分傳感器監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng),對(duì)棗樹(shù)4個(gè)生育時(shí)期分別設(shè)置不同的土壤水分下限,共6個(gè)處理,研究棗樹(shù)光合特性、形態(tài)指標(biāo)的變化,產(chǎn)量、水分利用效率與耗水規(guī)律、灌水量之間的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,開(kāi)花座果期和果實(shí)膨大期,土壤水分下限的提高有利于棗樹(shù)光合作用;萌芽展葉期降低土壤水分下限和開(kāi)花座果期提高土壤水分下限有利于提高棗樹(shù)形態(tài)指標(biāo);T6處理(土壤水分下限萌芽展葉期為65%θf(wàn)(θf(wàn)為田間持水率)、開(kāi)花座果期為75%θf(wàn)、果實(shí)膨大期為75%θf(wàn)、果實(shí)成熟期為65%θf(wàn))在各生育時(shí)期土壤水分下限較高,與其他處理的光合特性和形態(tài)指標(biāo)均有顯著性差異(P<0.05)。隨著土壤水分下限的增加,棗樹(shù)耗水量、產(chǎn)量隨之增加;T6處理耗水量、產(chǎn)量最高,T3處理(土壤水分下限萌芽展葉期為55%θf(wàn)、開(kāi)花座果期為75%θf(wàn)、果實(shí)膨大期為65%θf(wàn)、果實(shí)成熟期為65%θf(wàn))的水分利用效率最佳;T3與T6處理的產(chǎn)量無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05),T6處理產(chǎn)量?jī)H比T3處理高5.68%(2018年)、0.90%(2019年),T3處理較T6處理灌水量分別降低了22.57%(2018年)、13.59%(2019年)。因此,棗樹(shù)各生育時(shí)期最適宜的土壤水分下限分別為:萌芽展葉期55%θf(wàn)、開(kāi)花座果期75%θf(wàn)、果實(shí)膨大期65%θf(wàn)、果實(shí)成熟期65%θf(wàn),上限均為90%θf(wàn)。本研究結(jié)果可為微孔滲灌種植寧夏靈武長(zhǎng)棗和水分管理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    In order to find out the effect of lower limit of soil moisture control on microporous infiltration irrigation of Lingwuchangzao (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv. ‘Lingwuchangzao’) and the optimal irrigation amount in each growth period, the six-year-old Lingwuchangzao was used as the research object. Adopting the GC-003 Internet of Things control system and soil moisture sensor monitoring, six different treatments for different lower limits of soil moisture were set for the four growth periods of jujube trees. The relationship between the change of photosynthetic characteristics, and morphological indicators, water use efficiency, yield, water consumption law and irrigation water amount of jujube trees was studied. The results showed that the increase of lower soil water limit during flowering and fruiting bearing periods and during fruit expansion was beneficial to the photosynthesis of jujube trees;the decrease of lower water limit during sprouting and leaf spreading period and the increase of lower water limit during flowering and fruit bearing period were favorable for the growth of morphological indicators of jujube trees. T6 treatment, that was, the lower limits of soil moisture during sprouting and leaf spreading period was 65%θf(wàn) (θf(wàn) was field water holding capacity), and during flowering and fruiting bearing period was 75%θf(wàn), during fruit expansion was 75%θf(wàn), and during fruit maturation was 65%θf(wàn), the lower limit was higher in each growth period, which had significantly different photosynthetic characteristics and morphological indicators from other treatments (P<0.05). With the increase of the lower water limit, the water consumption and yield of jujube trees were increased. The water consumption and yield of T6 treatment were the highest, but the water use efficiency of T3 treatment(the lower limits of soil moisture during sprouting and leaf spreading period was 55%θf(wàn), during flowering and fruiting period was 75%θf(wàn), during fruit expansion was 65%θf(wàn), and during fruit maturation was 65%θf(wàn))was the best, and there was no significant difference with the yield of T6 treatment(P>0.05). The yield of T6 treatment was only 5.68% (2018) and 0.90% (2019) higher than that of T3 treatment. Compared with T6 treatment, T3 treatment decreased the irrigation water volume by 22.57% (2018) and 13.59% (2019). The most suitable lower limit of irrigation water during the four growth periods of jujube were: during sprouting and leaf spreading period was 55% θf(wàn), during flowering and fruiting bearing period was 75%θf(wàn), during fruit expansion was 65%θf(wàn), and during fruit maturation was 65%θf(wàn), and all the upper limit were 90% θf(wàn). The study results can provide scientific basis for planting Ningxia Lingwuchangzao with microporous infiltration irrigation and water management.

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焦炳忠,孫兆軍,El-SAWY S M,韓磊,何俊,曾玉霞.基于土壤水分下限的靈武長(zhǎng)棗微孔滲灌灌溉制度研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(5):305-314. JIAO Bingzhong, SUN Zhaojun, El-SAWY S M, HAN Lei, HE Jun, ZENG Yuxia. Irrigation Schedule of Microporous Infiltration Irrigation for Lingwu Jujube Based on Lower Limit of Soil Moisture[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(5):305-314.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-05-10
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