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犁旋組合式油菜直播機(jī)扣垡裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-12)、湖北省農(nóng)業(yè)科技創(chuàng)新行動項(xiàng)目和湖北省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2019CFB153)


Design and Experiment of Plowing and Rotary Tillage Buckle Device for Rapeseed Direct Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對長江中下游稻油輪作區(qū)油菜直播作業(yè)時,因前茬水稻留茬高、秸稈量大而導(dǎo)致旋耕部件作業(yè)耕深淺、秸稈埋覆率低的問題,結(jié)合油菜根系生長對直播的農(nóng)藝要求,提出犁耕與旋耕組合的聯(lián)合耕整方案,設(shè)計(jì)一種與油菜直播機(jī)配合,通過先抬、后扣的作業(yè)方式,實(shí)現(xiàn)高茬粘重土壤有序翻埋的扣垡裝置,并集成了犁旋組合式油菜直播機(jī)。分析闡述了扣垡犁曲面形成原理,確定了其關(guān)鍵影響因素導(dǎo)線、元線角、母線的數(shù)學(xué)模型,構(gòu)建了土垡與扣垡犁力學(xué)模型,闡明了犁體曲面扣垡過程。為驗(yàn)證扣垡裝置功能,在高茬秸稈工況下開展扣垡犁單體試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,扣垡犁平均扣垡率為93.41%,具有較好的扣垡埋茬功能。以設(shè)計(jì)的犁旋組合式油菜直播機(jī)與僅有旋耕裝置的油菜直播機(jī)分別在秸稈留茬高度為338、452mm工況下進(jìn)行了田間對比試驗(yàn),2種工況下,犁旋組合式直播機(jī)相對僅有旋耕裝置的油菜直播機(jī)的耕深分別提高了137、110mm,秸稈埋覆率分別提高了33.94、28.36個百分點(diǎn),種床耕整效果優(yōu)于僅有旋耕裝置的油菜直播機(jī),作業(yè)質(zhì)量滿足油菜播種要求。該研究可為犁旋組合式耕整機(jī)和犁體曲面優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供參考。

    Abstract:

    To overcome the defects like shallow plough layer and low stubble burying rate caused by the high stubble and large amount of straw after rice harvesting when the rapeseed direct seeder works in the riceoil rotation area of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a tillage scheme that combined plowing and rotary (P&R) tillage was put forward based on the agronomic requirements of rape plants. A type of buckle device that could lift and then buckle the soil was designed for the rapeseed direct seeder to realize the orderly burying of high stubble and sticky soil. In addition, the rapeseed direct seeder integrated with plowing and rotary tillage was developed. The formation principle of buckled plow surface was expounded. The mathematical models of guiding curve, element angle and generatrix were determined. The mechanical models of the soil ridge and buckling plow were constructed. The buckling process of the plow body surface was clarified. In order to validate the function of buckle device, the test of single plow was carried out under the condition of high stubble. The results showed that the average buckling success rate of the plow was 93.41%, which achieved the desired performance. Field contrast experiments, under the condition that the stubble height were 338mm and 452mm, respectively, were carried out between the seeder with P&R tillage and the seeder with rotary tillage only. Under the two conditions, the plowing depth of the seeder with P&R tillage was increased by 137mm and 110mm, respectively, and the stubble burying rate was increased by 33.94 percentage points and 28.36 percentage points, respectively. The seedbed performance of the seeder with P&R tillage whose operation quality met the requirements of rape sowing was better than that of the seeder with rotary tillage only. The research result provided reference for the design of combined tillage machine and plow surface.

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魏國粱,張青松,劉立超,肖文立,孫文成,廖慶喜.犁旋組合式油菜直播機(jī)扣垡裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(6):38-46. WEI Guoliang, ZHANG Qingsong, LIU Lichao, XIAO Wenli, SUN Wencheng, LIAO Qingxi. Design and Experiment of Plowing and Rotary Tillage Buckle Device for Rapeseed Direct Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(6):38-46.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-01-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-06-10
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