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胡蘿卜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)高效減阻松土鏟設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2017YFD0701305)和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃省級(jí)項(xiàng)目(GX18B026)


Design and Experiment of High Efficiency Drag Reducing Shovel for Carrot Combine Harvester
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)胡蘿卜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)作業(yè)時(shí)松土鏟普遍存在作業(yè)阻力大、漏拔率高等問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種高效減阻松土鏟。以狗獾爪趾為仿生原型設(shè)計(jì)了仿生減阻鏟尖,并分析了其減阻機(jī)理,建立了鏟翼與土壤間的力學(xué)接觸模型,確定了影響松土鏟作業(yè)質(zhì)量的鏟翼結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)?;贓DEM離散元仿真技術(shù),建立了部件-土壤-作物多元仿真模型,通過(guò)單因素試驗(yàn)與正交旋轉(zhuǎn)組合試驗(yàn),確定了鏟翼結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)取值范圍及其對(duì)指標(biāo)的影響規(guī)律。建立了試驗(yàn)因素與指標(biāo)間的多目標(biāo)優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型,運(yùn)用Design-Expert 8.0.6 軟件確定了松土鏟的最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合,通過(guò)田間性能試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了高效減阻松土鏟的作業(yè)性能。結(jié)果表明:影響胡蘿卜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)松土鏟作業(yè)質(zhì)量的主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)為鏟翼開(kāi)角α和鏟翼傾角β,當(dāng)鏟翼開(kāi)角α和鏟翼傾角β分別為120.27°和47.37°時(shí),松土鏟作業(yè)性能最優(yōu),最優(yōu)組合下前進(jìn)阻力與胡蘿卜拔取力分別為1908.76N和55.37N。經(jīng)田間性能試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,田間試驗(yàn)結(jié)果與仿真優(yōu)化結(jié)果基本一致,與鑿式松土鏟相比,高效減阻松土鏟前進(jìn)阻力降低了579%,胡蘿卜拔取力降低了20.68%,漏拔率降低了3.8個(gè)百分點(diǎn),滿(mǎn)足胡蘿卜收獲農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of high resistance and high rate of leakage during the operation of carrot combine harvester, a kind of high efficiency drag reducing shovel was designed. The bionic drag reducing shovel tip was designed with the badger claw as the bionic prototype, and its drag reducing mechanism was analyzed. Based on the theoretical mechanics analysis, the mechanical contact model between shovel wing and soil was established. The structure parameters of the shovel wing which affected the quality of shovel were determined. Based on the EDEM discrete element simulation technology, the multi simulation model of componentsoilcrop was established. Through the single factor experiment and orthogonal rotation combined experiment, the range of its value and the law of its influence on the index were determined. The multiobjective optimization mathematical model between experiment factors and indexes was established, and the optimal parameter combination of the shovel was determined by using DesignExpert 8.0.6 software. The operation performance of the high efficiency drag reducing shovel was verified by the field performance comparison experiment. The results showed that the main structural parameters that affected the quality of scarification and shoveling operation of carrot combine harvester were the opening angle α and the inclination angle β. When the opening angle α and the inclination angle β were 120.27° and 47.37° respectively, the performance of the shovel was the best, and the forward resistance and extraction power of carrot were 1908.76N and 55.37N respectively. Compared with the chisel shovel, the resistance of the high efficiency drag reducing shovel was reduced by 5.79%, the extraction power of carrot was reduced by 2068%, and the leakage rate was reduced by 3.8 percentage points, which met the requirements of carrot harvesting. 

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王金武,李響,高鵬翔,那明君,王奇,周文琪.胡蘿卜聯(lián)合收獲機(jī)高效減阻松土鏟設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(6):93-103. WANG Jinwu, LI Xiang, GAO Pengxiang, NA Mingjun, WANG QiZ, HOU Wenqi. Design and Experiment of High Efficiency Drag Reducing Shovel for Carrot Combine Harvester[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(6):93-103.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-10-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-06-10
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