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大豆株間除草單體機(jī)構(gòu)及關(guān)鍵部件設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0201004)和黑龍江省普通高等學(xué)校北方寒地現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備技術(shù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放項(xiàng)目(KF18-06)


Design and Experiment of Soybean Intra-row Weeding Monomer Mechanism and Key Components
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    摘要:

    3ZCF-7700型多功能除草機(jī)能夠滿足玉米、大豆等作物株間、行間松土除草農(nóng)藝要求,但不適合在作物殘茬、莖稈多的田間進(jìn)行除草作業(yè)。為了解決除草機(jī)作業(yè)單體機(jī)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、適應(yīng)性差、前后梳齒驅(qū)動盤橫向間距不能調(diào)整等問題,對作業(yè)單體機(jī)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了改進(jìn)設(shè)計(jì)。針對株間除草作業(yè)過程中梳齒易纏草、堵塞和入土能力弱等問題,設(shè)計(jì)了行星輪梳齒式株間除草機(jī)構(gòu),確定了除草機(jī)構(gòu)的主要參數(shù)。以除草率和傷苗率為評價(jià)指標(biāo),在自制的室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)臺架上進(jìn)行了單因素試驗(yàn),獲得影響其作業(yè)性能的主要因素及各因素的取值范圍。以梳齒入土角、梳齒最深入土位置和梳齒最深入土深度為試驗(yàn)因素,在大豆田間進(jìn)行L9(34)正交試驗(yàn),考察試驗(yàn)因素對除草機(jī)構(gòu)作業(yè)性能的影響。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,各因素對除草率影響的主次順序依次為梳齒最深入土深度、梳齒最深入土位置、梳齒入土角;各因素對傷苗率影響的主次順序依次為梳齒入土角、梳齒最深入土深度、梳齒最深入土位置;最優(yōu)水平組合為:梳齒入土角10°、梳齒最深入土位置80mm、梳齒最深入土深度47.5mm。以最優(yōu)水平組合進(jìn)行了田間驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,株間除草率平均值為86.3%,傷苗率平均值為2.66%,作業(yè)性能穩(wěn)定。

    Abstract:

    Mechanical weeding method has obvious advantages during the ridge tillage of soybeans production in Northeast China, such as preemergence weeding can break soil consolidation and raise ground temperature to ensure orderly emergence of seedlings, the postemergence weeding can loosen the soil between plants, eliminate young grass between plants, store water and conserve moisture, and then promote the growth and development of soybean. In addition, the application rate of herbicide is effectively reduced by mechanical weeding which can alleviate the high dependence of current agricultural production on herbicide. 3ZCF-7700 multifunctional weeding machine could meet the agronomic requirements of scarifying and weeding in intrarow for corn, soybean and other crops. However, it was not suitable for weeding in the field with many crop residues and stems. Therefore, the weeding monomer mechanism was improved to solve the problems of poor adaptability, complicated structure and unadjustable lateral spacing of the front and rear combtooth drive discs. For the problems of comb teeth are easy to wind grass and clogging, weak ability to stable into the soil during the intrarow weeding, the planetary gears combtooth intrarow weeding mechanism was designed and its main parameters were determined. According to the index of weeding rate and injury seedling rate, the main factors of operation performance and the value range of each factor were obtained by single factor experiment in the selfmade indoor test bench. And then, the orthogonal test was carried out in soybean field to investigate the influence of test factors on the work performance of weeding mechanism by the combtooth angle, the deepest soil position of the comb teeth, and the deepest soil depth of the comb teeth was taken as the experimental factors. The results showed that the order of the factors affecting the weeding rate from primary to secondary was the deepest soil depth of the comb teeth, the deepest soil position of the comb teeth and combtooth angle, and that affecting the injury seeding rate was combtooth angle, the deepest soil depth of the comb teeth and the deepest soil position of the comb teeth. The optimal horizontal combination was 10° of combtooth angle, 80mm of the deepest soil position of the comb teeth, and the deepest soil depth of the comb teeth was 47.5mm. And then five field verification experiments were carried out with the optimal horizontal combination. The average result of the data was 86.3% of weeding rate and 2.66% of injury seedling rate between plants, which showed a stable work performance. The study provided guidance for the design of reliable soybean intrarow weeder.

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韓豹,郭暢,高英玲,劉俏,孫碩,董小偉.大豆株間除草單體機(jī)構(gòu)及關(guān)鍵部件設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(6):112-121. HAN Bao, GUO Chang, GAO Yingling, LIU Qiao, SUN Shuo, DONG Xiaowei. Design and Experiment of Soybean Intra-row Weeding Monomer Mechanism and Key Components[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(6):112-121.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-09-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-06-10
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