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超聲預(yù)處理對(duì)大豆蛋白聚集體結(jié)構(gòu)和乳化特性的影響
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黑龍江省普通本科高等學(xué)校青年創(chuàng)新人才培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(NYPYSCT-2018163)和國家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0400702)


Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Structure and Functional Properties of Soy Protein Aggregates
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    摘要:

    以大豆分離蛋白為原料,采用超聲對(duì)蛋白進(jìn)行預(yù)處理,經(jīng)加熱(100℃、20min)和離心得到可溶性熱聚集體(STSPI),以可溶性大豆分離蛋白(SSPI)(原大豆分離蛋白溶于磷酸鹽緩沖液后離心制備)作為對(duì)照,探究熱誘導(dǎo)對(duì)超聲預(yù)處理蛋白的結(jié)構(gòu)特性(微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、粒徑分布、官能團(tuán)、二三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu)、電位、疏水性)和乳化特性(乳化性和乳化穩(wěn)定性)的影響。結(jié)果表明:與STSPI相比,超聲預(yù)處理再經(jīng)加熱、離心后得到的可溶性蛋白(USTSPI)在超聲時(shí)間和超聲功率為6min、600W時(shí),其平均粒徑、電位絕對(duì)值、蛋白質(zhì)分散度指數(shù)(PDI)和濁度分別下降了273.50nm、6mV、0.33和288.2;官能團(tuán)中羰基和二硫鍵質(zhì)量摩爾濃度分別降低了0.26nmol/mg和0.38μmol/g,游離氨基和游離巰基質(zhì)量摩爾濃度提高了0.16μmol/mg和0.59μmol/g;α螺旋和β轉(zhuǎn)角結(jié)構(gòu)增多,β1結(jié)構(gòu)相對(duì)含量降低了11.97個(gè)百分點(diǎn);表面疏水性指數(shù)提高了36478,乳化性指數(shù)和乳化穩(wěn)定性指數(shù)提高了123.56m2/g和360.95min。這說明對(duì)蛋白進(jìn)行超聲預(yù)處理后能在一定程度上阻礙因熱效應(yīng)導(dǎo)致的蛋白乳化活性降低,可為解決因加熱引起蛋白乳化特性降低問題提供參考。

    Abstract:

    The protein was pretreated with soy protein isolate (0, 6min 200W, 6min 400W, 6min 600W, 12min 600W and 24min 600W), then heated (100℃, 20min), centrifuged and dried to prepare soluble thermal aggregate. Aggregates, using ultrasoundfree pretreatment of soluble soy protein isolate (original soy protein isolate was dissolved in phosphate buffer and prepared by centrifugation) as a control, to investigate the structural characteristics (spatial structure, particle size distribution, functional group, potential, hydrophobicity) and emulsifying properties (emulsification and effect of emulsion stability). The results showed that compared with SSPI, USTSPI reached the maximum in the ultrasonic time and ultrasonic power of 6min, 600W, and the average particle size, absolute value of potential, protein dispersity index (PDI) and turbidity were decreased by 273.50nm, 6mV, 0.33 and 288.2, respectively. The carbonyl and disulfide bonds in the functional group were reduced by 0.26nmol/mg and 0.38μmol/g, respectively, and the free amino and free sulfhydryl groups were increased by 0.16μmol/mg and 0.59μmol/g. The βturn structure was increased, the β1 folded structure content was decreased by 11.97 percentage points; the surface hydrophobicity was increased by 36478, and the emulsification and emulsion stability were increased by 123.56m2/g and 360.95min, respectively. The above results indicated that the thermal aggregates can change the protein structure to reduce the emulsification properties of the protein, while the ultrasonic pretreatment can resist the degradation of protein emulsification activity caused by thermal effects to some extent, which provided a method for solving the problem of protein emulsification degradation caused by heating.

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李楊,陳凡凡,王中江,滕飛.超聲預(yù)處理對(duì)大豆蛋白聚集體結(jié)構(gòu)和乳化特性的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(6):366-374. LI Yang, CHEN Fanfan, WANG Zhongjiang, TENG Fei . Effect of Ultrasonic Pretreatment on Structure and Functional Properties of Soy Protein Aggregates[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(6):366-374.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-07-07
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