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擊打式松果采摘機(jī)器人設(shè)計與試驗
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林業(yè)公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201504307)


Design and Experiment of Hitting Pine Cone Picking Robot
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    摘要:

    針對人工采摘松果過程中存在嚴(yán)重安全隱患的問題,設(shè)計了一種擊打式松果采摘機(jī)器人,該機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)主要由電機(jī)驅(qū)動模塊、主控模塊、視覺模塊、夾持模塊、采摘模塊組成,視覺模塊完成松果識別與定位,實時反饋給主控模塊,并控制電機(jī)驅(qū)動模塊,配合夾持模塊和采摘模塊作業(yè)實現(xiàn)松果采摘。采用Matlab仿真軟件建立松果采摘機(jī)器人運動學(xué)模型,求解出機(jī)械臂工作空間為直徑4.5m的球體;基于沖量原理和Lagrange方程建立碰撞動力學(xué)模型,通過動態(tài)分析求解出碰撞后各關(guān)節(jié)保持原有運動規(guī)律所需的驅(qū)動力矩;運用靜力學(xué)原理建立關(guān)鍵組件有限元模型,利用ANSYS Workbench對結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化設(shè)計,優(yōu)化后其安全系數(shù)最低為1.5771,支撐關(guān)節(jié)最大變形4.1484mm。仿真結(jié)果表明:該機(jī)器人結(jié)構(gòu)在運動學(xué)、動力學(xué)及靜力學(xué)方面均滿足設(shè)計要求。制作物理樣機(jī)并在實驗室環(huán)境下進(jìn)行了松果采摘試驗,樣機(jī)初始狀態(tài)尺寸1000mm×1200mm×1100mm,試驗結(jié)果驗證了機(jī)器人結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計的合理性與實用性。

    Abstract:

    In order to settle the security issue in the process of artificial pine cone picking, a hitting pine cone picking robot was designed, which mainly included motor drive module, control module, vision module, clamping module and picking module. The system performed the pine cone identification and location through the vision module, transmitted the result back to the control module, and then controlled the motor drive module to cooperate with the clamping module and the picking module to complete the pine cone picking. Based on the kinematics model, the diameter of the working space of mechanical arm was calculated by Matlab software to be 4.5m. A collision dynamics model based on Lagrange equation and pulse principle was used to solve the torque required to maintain the original law of motion during the collision. The optimized mechanical safety factor was at least 1.5771 and the total deformation was 4.1484mm by the ANSYS Workbench software. Simulation results showed that the structure can satisfy the design requirements in terms of kinematics, dynamics and statics. The pine cone picking test was 〖JP3〗performed in the laboratory environment, and the size of the constructed prototype was 1000mm×1200mm×1100mm. The experimental results verified the rationality and practicability of the structure design of the robot, and its design and analysis provided guidance and theoretical basis for the development of the pine cone picking robot in the future.

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王克奇,張維昊,羅澤,張怡卓.擊打式松果采摘機(jī)器人設(shè)計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(8):26-33. WANG Keqi, ZHANG Weihao, LUO Ze, ZHANG Yizhuo. Design and Experiment of Hitting Pine Cone Picking Robot[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(8):26-33.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-11-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-08-10