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氣流輸送播種機壓電式流量傳感器設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0700103)和江蘇省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)裝備與技術(shù)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心項目(4091600023)


Design and Test of Piezoelectric Flow Sensor for Pneumatic Seeder
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    摘要:

    為實現(xiàn)氣流輸送播種機播種質(zhì)量的快速準確檢測,設計了一種基于壓電陶瓷的弧形陣列式播種流量傳感器。在分析氣流分配器出種口種子運動特性的基礎上,對感知單元布局及傳感器整體結(jié)構(gòu)進行了優(yōu)化設計;通過不同條件下種子碰撞試驗,確定了感知單元的材料和結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸;設計了信號調(diào)理電路與脈沖計數(shù)電路,實現(xiàn)了種子在線計量,并通過CAN通信實時發(fā)送。利用氣流輸送播種試驗臺架,分析了氣流壓力及排種量對傳感器檢測精度的影響,在正常工作氣壓范圍內(nèi),檢測誤差與氣流壓力近似滿足線性關系,進一步提出了傳感器檢測的校準模型,并進行了臺架試驗驗證。結(jié)果表明:在推薦工作參數(shù)條件下,即氣壓為166Pa、排種量低于170粒/s時,校準后傳感器的檢測誤差在5%以內(nèi),且傳感器對堵塞故障報警準確率達100%。該傳感器能夠有效地監(jiān)測氣流輸送播種機的排種性能,有助于提高播種作業(yè)質(zhì)量。

    Abstract:

    Seed flow during sowing will affect the quality of sowing, which will seriously affect yield when blockage occurs. In order to realize the fast and accurate detection of the seeding quality of the airflow conveying seeder, an arc array seeding flow sensor based on piezoelectric ceramics was designed. Based on the analysis of the seed movement characteristics of the airflow distributor outlet, the sensing unit layout and the overall structure of the sensor were optimally designed; the seed collision experiments under different conditions were used to determine the structural size and material of the sensing unit; a signal conditioning circuit and a pulse counting circuit were designed to realize the online measurement of seeds and realtime transmission through CAN communication. The effect of airflow pressure and metering quantity on the detection accuracy of the sensor was analyzed using the airflow seeding test bench. In the normal working pressure range, the detection error and air pressure approximately met the linear relationship. Based on this, a calibration model for sensor detection was further proposed and bench verification was performed. The test results showed that the maximum detection error of the sensor was within 5% when the air pressure was 166Pa and the seeding rate was less than 170 seeds/s under the recommended operating parameters, and the accuracy rate of the sensors alarm for blockage failure can reach 100%. The system can effectively monitor the seeding performance of the airflow conveying seeder, which can help to improve the quality of seeding operations.

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趙博,樊學謙,周利明,李陽,車宇,牛康.氣流輸送播種機壓電式流量傳感器設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(8):55-61. ZHAO Bo, FAN Xueqian, ZHOU Liming, LI Yang, CHE Yu, NIU Kan. Design and Test of Piezoelectric Flow Sensor for Pneumatic Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(8):55-61.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-12-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-08-10