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河套灌區(qū)不同地類鹽分遷移估算及與地下水埋深的關(guān)系
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51539005、51769024)


Estimation of Salt Transport and Relationship with Groundwater Depth in Different Land Types in Hetao Irrigation Area
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    摘要:

    針對河套灌區(qū)引水量逐年減少、輸入灌區(qū)的鹽分無法有效排出、僅能在灌區(qū)內(nèi)部重新分配的現(xiàn)狀,以河套灌區(qū)耕地-荒地-海子為研究對象,通過野外實(shí)測和室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)分析相結(jié)合,基于地質(zhì)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)、溶質(zhì)動力學(xué)理論,研究了耕地-荒地-海子系統(tǒng)土壤剖面、不同土層鹽分和地下水鹽分的時(shí)空變化特征,定量估算了不同時(shí)期的鹽分變化,揭示了系統(tǒng)鹽分的表觀平衡,分析了地下水埋深對土壤鹽分的影響。結(jié)果表明:在耕地-荒地-海子系統(tǒng)中,灌溉期,耕地大量鹽分隨地下水遷移到荒地,秋澆前荒地含鹽量是耕地的2倍,秋澆后荒地脫鹽量是耕地的3倍。整個(gè)生育期耕地1m土體鹽分通過灌溉期淋洗,積鹽率仍為56%,秋澆后鹽分沒有完全排出,脫鹽率為44%,土壤深層有輕微積鹽現(xiàn)象;荒地1m土體積鹽率為63%,秋澆后脫鹽率為62%,荒地鹽分全年基本保持平衡。地下水和海子鹽分時(shí)空分布呈條帶狀,存在較強(qiáng)的空間相似性,海子是系統(tǒng)的儲鹽區(qū)。應(yīng)采取有效措施將灌區(qū)目前地下水埋深降低0.2m,研究區(qū)地下水埋深控制在1.7~2.3m之間更佳。在生育期(5月15日—9月15日),荒地1m土體積鹽量為377705kg/hm2。地下水補(bǔ)給荒地20~100cm土壤鹽量為17985kg/hm2,占積鹽量的5%;0~20cm土壤鹽量增加202395kg/hm2,占積鹽量的54%;耕地地下水遷移給荒地深層土壤鹽量為114015kg/hm2,占積鹽量的30%;耕地水平滲透給荒地的鹽量為43305kg/hm2,占積鹽量11%。本研究可為灌區(qū)水鹽運(yùn)移提供理論依據(jù)。

    Abstract:

    With the decrease of irrigation water in Hetao Irrigation District year by year, the salt input into the irrigation district can not be effectively drained. As a result, the salt can only be redistributed in the irrigation district. Based on field measurement and laboratory experiment, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the soil profile,different soil layer and groundwater solute were analyzed by using geostatistics and solute dynamics methods in the cultivated land-wasteland-lake system. The soil salinity was estimated in different periods and the effect of groundwater depth on soil salinity were revealed. The results showed that a large amount of salt in the cultivated land was transported into wasteland with the groundwater during the irrigation period. Before autumn irrigation, the accumulated salinity of the wasteland was two times of that of cultivated land. After autumn irrigation, the desalination amount of wasteland was three times of that of cultivated land. In the whole growth period, the salt in soil of 1m cultivated land still accumulated 56%. The salt was not completely discharged after autumn irrigation, and the desalination rate was 44%. There was slight salt accumulation in deep soil layer. The accumulated salt was 63% in 1m wasteland soil and the desalination rate was 62% after autumn irrigation. The accumulated salt in soil of 1m wasteland was 377705kg/hm2. The salt content of 20~100cm wasteland recharged by groundwater was 17985kg/hm2, accounting for 5% of all the accumulated salt. The salt content of 0~20cm soil was increased by 202395kg/hm2, accounting for 54% of all the accumulated salt. The salt content of the deep soil layer transferred by groundwater from cultivated land to wasteland was 114015kg/hm2, accounting for 30% of the accumulated salt. the salt content from horizontal infiltration of cultivated land to wasteland was 43305kg/hm2, accounting for 11% of the accumulated salt. The spatialtemporal distribution of groundwater and lake salt was strip and patch, which had greatly spatial similarity. Lake became a salt storage area. Measures should be taken to decrease the depth of groundwater by 0.2m. The groundwater depth in the study area should be controlled between 1.7m and 2.3m. The results can provide theoretical basis for water and salt transport in irrigation area.

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王國帥,史海濱,李仙岳,郭珈瑋,王維剛,吳迪.河套灌區(qū)不同地類鹽分遷移估算及與地下水埋深的關(guān)系[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(8):255-269. WANG Guoshuai, SHI Haibin, LI Xianyue, GUO Jiawei, WANG Weigang, WU Di. Estimation of Salt Transport and Relationship with Groundwater Depth in Different Land Types in Hetao Irrigation Area[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(8):255-269.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-08-10