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金屬陶瓷自磨刃割刀對(duì)苜蓿低損傷切割機(jī)理分析
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0701701)、山東省自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(ZR2019MEE092)、山東省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系果品產(chǎn)業(yè)創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)資金項(xiàng)目(SDAIT-06-12)和山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)“雙一流”獎(jiǎng)補(bǔ)資金項(xiàng)目(SYL2017XTTD07)


Fabrication of Self-sharpening Blades with Metalloceramics Materials and Low-damaged Cutting Mechanism of Alfalfa
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    摘要:

    通過數(shù)值模擬仿真分析了割刀刃口曲率半徑對(duì)苜蓿切割過程力學(xué)特性的影響,采用超重力燃燒合成技術(shù)制備金屬陶瓷梯度材料,按照國(guó)標(biāo)要求制備旋轉(zhuǎn)式割草機(jī)割刀,探討了金屬陶瓷割刀作業(yè)過程中自磨刃形成原理及其對(duì)苜蓿的低損傷切割機(jī)理,并進(jìn)行了田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證。結(jié)果表明,割刀刃口曲率半徑是影響鋒銳性的重要因素,曲率半徑越大,刃口鈍化越嚴(yán)重,割刀對(duì)莖稈的切割作用變?nèi)酰矒糇饔迷鰪?qiáng),莖稈生長(zhǎng)方向(Z方向)拉應(yīng)力增大,形成撕裂拉拔作用,使苜蓿切口粗糙、根部松動(dòng)。自磨刃割刀的后刀面為金屬陶瓷材料,其硬度高(760~780Hv)、耐磨性好,前刀面硬度呈梯度平緩變化趨勢(shì),在作業(yè)過程中磨損均勻,刃口曲率半徑變化較小而形成自磨銳特性,實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)苜蓿的低損傷切割。田間試驗(yàn)表明,在相同條件下,與市售割刀相比,金屬陶瓷自磨刃割刀切割苜蓿66.7hm2后仍然保持鋒銳的切割性能,苜蓿切口平齊,組織損傷較輕,自愈過程正常,再生芽保留完整,再生周期可縮短5~10d。

    Abstract:

    Through computer simulation, effects of edge curvature radius of blade on the mechanical properties during alfalfa cutting process were inspected. Metalloceramics functionally gradient material was fabricated by combustion synthesis casting under an ultragravity field. The structure of metalloceramics blades was prepared as national standard. Formation principle of selfsharpening characteristics and lowdamaged mechanism cutting alfalfa for the metalloceramics blades were analyzed. Research results were verified by field experiment. The results indicated that edge curvature radius of blade was the key factor influencing the sharpness property. More value of radius was, blunter of the edge would be. According to stalk of alfalfa cut by blades, reducing cutting and increasing striking aspects would be existed. In the alfalfa growth direction (Z direction), enhanced tensile stress can accumulate the stalk, which can lead to some disadvantage such as coarse stubble of stalk, root loosen and so on. The flank surface of blades were made up of metalloceramics with preferentially oriented columnar eutectic matrix of iron/iron carbides for the high hardness (760~780Hv) and wear resistance. Hardness gradient variation of rake face of blades can lead to regular wear. Selfsharpening characteristics, sharp cutting performance and lowdamaged cutting alfalfa for metalloceramics blades were so formed because of slight variation for their edge structure. The results of field experiment indicated that in the same condition, after harvesting alfalfa plant for 66.7hm2, compared with the commercial blades, the designed blades had excellent cutting performance: flush notches, slight damage of tissue, natural selfhealing process, shorten regeneration period for 5 to 10 days and so on.

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宋月鵬,王征,吳昆,李法德,宋占華,楊瀟.金屬陶瓷自磨刃割刀對(duì)苜蓿低損傷切割機(jī)理分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(10):421-426,309. SONG Yuepeng, WANG Zheng, WU Kun, LI Fade, SONG Zhanhua, YANG Xiao. Fabrication of Self-sharpening Blades with Metalloceramics Materials and Low-damaged Cutting Mechanism of Alfalfa[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(10):421-426,309.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-11
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-10-10