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基于超聲振動的土壤切削挖掘裝置設計與試驗
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0702103)、山東省自然科學基金面上項目(ZR2017MEE016)、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)重大應用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項目(SD2019NJ009-7)和山東省農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計劃項目(2017YF007、2018YF005-02)


Design and Test of Soil Cutting and Digging Device Based on Ultrasonic Vibration
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    摘要:

    針對農(nóng)業(yè)裝備觸土部件工作阻力大、耗能高等問題,提出了利用超聲波高頻振動輔助土壤切削挖掘從而降低阻力的技術(shù)方案,設計了超聲振動土壤切削挖掘裝置。選定20kHz作為超聲激振頻率,基于耦合諧振效應的目標,分析、設計了夾心式換能器和圓錐形變幅桿等關(guān)鍵部件的結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)。建立了變幅桿有限元模型,利用仿真方法對其進行模態(tài)分析和諧響應分析,仿真結(jié)果顯示,變幅桿軸線伸縮固有頻率接近20kHz,與設計值吻合。搭建了超聲振動土壤切削挖掘阻力試驗測試平臺,進行了有、無超聲波振動土壤切削挖掘阻力土槽對比試驗,結(jié)果表明:相比無振動剛性挖掘鏟,超聲波振動挖掘鏟能夠有效降低土壤切削挖掘阻力,在1.5、2.5、3.5MPa 3種土壤硬度條件下,超聲波振動挖掘鏟所對應的降阻率分別為35.1%、40.7%和44.3%,土壤硬度越大,超聲波振動挖掘鏟的降阻效果越明顯。當土壤含水率為20%~48%時,不論有無振動,土壤切削挖掘阻力均隨著土壤含水率的增加先迅速降低后又緩慢回升。由于超聲振動激勵需要額外消耗能量,故振動挖掘總耗能并未降低。試驗驗證了超聲振動土壤切削挖掘降阻方案的可行性以及參數(shù)設計的合理性。

    Abstract:

    Aiming to solve the problems of high working resistance and high energy consumption of soil touching parts of agricultural production equipment, a technical scheme of reducing resistance was proposed by using ultrasonic high frequency vibration assisted soil cutting excavation, and the ultrasonic vibration soil cutting and digging device was designed. 20kHz was selected as the excitation frequency, and the structural parameters of the key components such as sandwich transducer and conical horn were analyzed and designed based on the target of coupling resonance effect. The finite element model of the horn was established, and the modal analysis and harmonic response analysis were carried out by using the simulation method. The simulation results showed that the natural frequency of the horn axis expansion was close to 20kHz, which was consistent with the design value. The test platform of ultrasonic vibration soil excavation resistance was set up, and the soil trench test of cutting resistance of soil with and without ultrasonic vibration was carried out. The test results showed that compared with the rigid digging shovel without vibration, the ultrasonic vibration digging shovel can effectively reduce the soil digging resistance. Under the conditions of soil hardness of 1.5MPa, 2.5MPa and 3.5MPa, the corresponding soil digging resistance of ultrasonic vibration digging shovel can be effectively reduced. The resistance reduction rates were 35.1%, 40.7% and 44.3%, respectively. The greater the soil hardness was, the more obvious the drag reduction effect of ultrasonic vibration digging shovel was. With the increase of soil moisture content, the soil cutting resistance was decreased rapidly and then increased slowly. Due to the additional energy consumption of ultrasonic vibration excitation, the total energy consumption of vibration excavation was not effectively reduced. The experimental results verified the feasibility of the resistance reduction scheme and the rationality of the design parameters of the ultrasonic vibration soil cutting and digging device.

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王東偉,王家勝.基于超聲振動的土壤切削挖掘裝置設計與試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(11):85-92. WANG Dongwei, WANG Jiasheng. Design and Test of Soil Cutting and Digging Device Based on Ultrasonic Vibration[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(11):85-92.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-11-25
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