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鮮食玉米果穗收獲負(fù)壓除雜裝置參數(shù)優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD0701905)


Parameter Optimization and Experiment of Negative Pressure Impurity Removal Device for Fresh Corn Ear Harvest
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有鮮食玉米收獲機(jī)在收獲果穗時(shí),果穗中含有莖葉等雜質(zhì),影響運(yùn)輸、貯存和后續(xù)加工等問(wèn)題,采用軸流風(fēng)機(jī)負(fù)壓除雜技術(shù)去除果穗中的莖稈和莖葉等雜質(zhì),同時(shí)在除雜裝置內(nèi)增加動(dòng)、定刀,切碎雜質(zhì),便于后續(xù)的打包回收利用,并對(duì)風(fēng)機(jī)負(fù)壓除雜裝置進(jìn)行了性能分析和參數(shù)優(yōu)化。通過(guò)對(duì)動(dòng)、定刀進(jìn)行動(dòng)力學(xué)分析,對(duì)動(dòng)、定刀數(shù)和刀間隙進(jìn)行分析,確定了該裝置的風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速范圍為1326~1573r/min,動(dòng)、定刀間隙20mm,定刀數(shù)為3~8。采用二次回歸正交組合試驗(yàn)方案,以風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、定刀數(shù)、喂入量為試驗(yàn)因素,以果穗含雜率和莖稈切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率為試驗(yàn)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行臺(tái)架試驗(yàn),通過(guò)分析各因素對(duì)指標(biāo)貢獻(xiàn)率,得到影響莖稈切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率的主次順序?yàn)槲谷肓?、風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、定刀數(shù),影響果穗含雜率的主次順序?yàn)轱L(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速、喂入量、定刀數(shù)。建立了參數(shù)優(yōu)化數(shù)學(xué)模型,利用Optimization模塊優(yōu)化得出,當(dāng)風(fēng)機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)速為1524r/min、單排定刀數(shù)為4、喂入量為7.6kg/s時(shí),莖稈切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率為96.8%,果穗含雜率為0.69%。對(duì)優(yōu)化后的參數(shù)組合進(jìn)行了5組驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),得到莖稈切碎長(zhǎng)度合格率平均值為96.2%,果穗含雜率平均值為0.71%。相比于傳統(tǒng)收獲機(jī),該裝置使果穗含雜率降低了23.3%,說(shuō)明該優(yōu)化參數(shù)能夠滿(mǎn)足鮮食玉米果穗收獲和莖葉青貯相關(guān)技術(shù)要求。

    Abstract:

    In view of the existing fresh corn harvester in grain harvest, grain contains impurities such as stem leaf, affected transportation, storage and subsequent processing and so on, by axial flow fan technology of negative pressure to get rid of the impurities such as the stem and leaf of ear, at the same time increase in the subtraction, knife chop of impurities, facilitating subsequent packaging recycling. Performance analysis and parameter optimization were carried out for the fan negative pressure impurity removal device, in order to reduce the rate of clutter in the ear and improve the recovery efficiency of green stalks. Through the dynamic analysis of moving and fixed knives, as well as the analysis of the number and clearance of moving and fixed knives, the fan speed range of the device was determined to be 1326~1573r/min, the clearance of moving and fixed knives was 20mm, and the fixed knives were 3~8. Using quadratic regression orthogonal combination experiment schemes to the fan speed, knife number, feeding amount as test factors, chop to grain impurity rate and stem length, percent of pass was bench test, the test indexes were obtained by analysis of the contribution rate of various factors on the indicators qualified rate of the primary and secondary influence stem chopped length in order to feed rate, the fan speed, the number on the edge of the sword. The primary and secondary order influencing the impurity rate of fruit ear were fan speed, feeding amount and fixed number of knives. The mathematical model of parameter optimization was established, and the optimization module was used to get that when the fan speed was 1524r/min, the single setting knife was 4, and the feeding amount was 7.6kg/s, the qualified rate of the cutting length of the stalk was 96.8%, and the hybrid rate of the ear was 0.69%. When the fan speed was 1524r/min, the number of fixed blades was 4, and the feeding amount was 7.6kg/s, the qualified rate of cutting length of stalk was 96.2%, and the impurity rate of ear was 0.71%, which was 23.3% lower than that of traditional harvester. The experimental results showed that the optimized parameters met the technical requirements of fresh corn ear harvest and stem and leaf silage.

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周福君,官曉東,唐遵峰,吳昊.鮮食玉米果穗收獲負(fù)壓除雜裝置參數(shù)優(yōu)化與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(11):138-147. ZHOU Fujun, GUAN Xiaodong, TANG Zunfeng, WU Hao. Parameter Optimization and Experiment of Negative Pressure Impurity Removal Device for Fresh Corn Ear Harvest[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(11):138-147.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-02-12
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  • 在線(xiàn)發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-11-25
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