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擾動促充機(jī)械式綠豆精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)
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國家食用豆產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)項(xiàng)目(CARS-08)


Design and Experiment of Mung Bean Precision Seed-metering Device with Disturbance for Promoting Seed Filling
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    摘要:

    我國綠豆種植機(jī)械化水平較低,多采用撒播或條播,良種浪費(fèi)嚴(yán)重,針對該問題并結(jié)合種植地塊小且分散,每穴2~3粒的農(nóng)藝播種要求,設(shè)計了一種采用凹型攜種孔兜種、導(dǎo)種槽促進(jìn)充種、毛刷清種護(hù)種的擾動促充機(jī)械式綠豆精量排種器。分析了擾動促充力學(xué)關(guān)系,確定了導(dǎo)種槽、攜種孔和清種毛刷參數(shù)的設(shè)計方法。采用離散元軟件EDEM仿真優(yōu)化方法,以攜種孔的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸參數(shù)為試驗(yàn)因素進(jìn)行了三因素三水平的正交仿真試驗(yàn),確定了較優(yōu)的攜種孔參數(shù)組合為:攜種孔長度10.5mm、寬度6.5mm、深度5mm,對較優(yōu)參數(shù)組合進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明排種器的最優(yōu)充種指數(shù)為96.05%,合格充種指數(shù)為1.64%,漏充指數(shù)為1.57%,與仿真優(yōu)化結(jié)果一致。為考察排種器對速度的適應(yīng)性,進(jìn)行了速度單因素試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明作業(yè)速度小于等于8km/h時,合格指數(shù)大于90%,漏播指數(shù)小于5%,重播指數(shù)小于2%。為驗(yàn)證排種器對不同品種綠豆的適應(yīng)性,進(jìn)行了品種適應(yīng)性試驗(yàn),試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明所選綠豆品種的合格指數(shù)大于95%,漏播指數(shù)小于5%,重播指數(shù)小于3%,均滿足設(shè)計要求。

    Abstract:

    Mung bean is the main edible bean in China, which has high economic and edible value. However, the current level of mechanized planting of mung bean in China is still low, and sowing or seeding is used. The waste of improved varieties is serious, and the yield and planting efficiency are low, which seriously restricts the development of mung bean industry. In view of the characteristics of scattered mung bean planting and small plot planting in China, and the agronomic requirements of 2~3 seeds per hole, a mung bean precision seed-metering device with disturbance for promoting seed filling was designed. The seed metering device used concave holes to carry seeds, the seed guide groove to promote seed filling, and the brush to clear seeds and protect seeds. The mechanical relationship of disturbance filling promotion was analyzed, and the design method of parameters of seed guide groove, seed carrying hole and brush was determined. The discrete element software EDEM simulation optimization method was used to establish the discrete particle model of mung bean seeds and the experiment was employed through the method of orthogonal test of three factors and three levels with the structural dimension parameters of the seed carrying holes as experimental factors. Three test parameters, i.e. length of the seed hole, width of the seed hole and the depth of seed hole were chosen as the influence factors of test experiment. The best work parameters were as below: the length was 10.5mm, the width was 6.5mm and the depth was 5mm. The results showed that the optimal seed charging rate was 96.05%, the qualified seed charging rate was 1.64% and the missed charging rate was 1.57%, which were consistent with the simulation optimization results. Then, a speed single factor test was carried out. The results showed that when the working speed was within 8km/h, the qualified index was higher than 90%, the missing index were not more than 5%, and the multiple index were not more than 2%. At last, the adaptation tests were carried out. The results showed that qualified index was more than 95%, the missing index was not more than 5%, and the multiple index was not more than 3%, which could completely meet the requirement of the technical specifications of quality evaluation for mung beans metering device in China. The research provided a reference for further improving quality and optimizing the parameter for mung bean metering device.

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李玉環(huán),魏亞男,楊麗,張東興,崔濤,張凱良.擾動促充機(jī)械式綠豆精量排種器設(shè)計與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(s1):43-53. LI Yuhuan, WEI Ya’nan, YANG Li, ZHANG Dongxing, CUI Tao, ZHANG Kailiang. Design and Experiment of Mung Bean Precision Seed-metering Device with Disturbance for Promoting Seed Filling[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):43-53.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-30
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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