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槽穴組合式多品種綠肥定量電動(dòng)勻播裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家綠肥產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(CARS-22)和中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院所級(jí)基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(S202012)


Design and Experiment of Trough-hole Combined Type Multi-variety Green Manure Quantitative Electric Evenly-sowed Mechanism
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    摘要:

    為解決現(xiàn)有綠肥播種方式作業(yè)時(shí)存在的排種器適用性不強(qiáng)、撒播作業(yè)質(zhì)量不高、生產(chǎn)效率低等問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種槽穴組合式多品種綠肥定量電動(dòng)勻播裝置,設(shè)計(jì)了棱錐型種箱、槽穴組合式排種器、定量電動(dòng)勻播組件等關(guān)鍵部件。試驗(yàn)測(cè)量了8種主要綠肥品種滑動(dòng)摩擦角,設(shè)計(jì)棱錐型種箱最小傾面角為35.5°;根據(jù)所播綠肥種子大小、千粒質(zhì)量和單位面積用種量等因素選擇槽穴組合式排種器的排種通道并設(shè)定了通道有效開度;應(yīng)用EDEM軟件構(gòu)建勻播機(jī)構(gòu)排種仿真模型,驗(yàn)證了勻種圓柱直徑在3.2~6.8mm時(shí),種子經(jīng)勻種圓柱碰撞落地后的概率分布規(guī)律較好。以青弋江1號(hào)為試驗(yàn)材料,通過(guò)多因素試驗(yàn)和回歸分析,得出影響出苗率和撒播均勻性變異系數(shù)的主次因素均為:排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速、勻種圓柱直徑、機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度;影響各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)的主次因素依次為:勻種圓柱直徑、機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度、排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速;最終確定影響槽穴組合式多品種綠肥定量電動(dòng)勻播裝置播種質(zhì)量最佳因素參數(shù)組合為:機(jī)具前進(jìn)速度3.36km/h,排種輪轉(zhuǎn)速44r/min,勻種圓柱直徑6.14mm。通過(guò)田間試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證,最優(yōu)參數(shù)組合條件下紫云英綠肥出苗率為96.49%,各行排量一致性變異系數(shù)11.73%,播種均勻性變異系數(shù)8.67%,與模型預(yù)測(cè)優(yōu)化結(jié)果的相對(duì)誤差均小于6%,驗(yàn)證了所建模型與優(yōu)化參數(shù)的合理性,與已有的綠肥播種方式相比,槽穴組合式多品種綠肥定量電動(dòng)勻播裝置作業(yè)效率為0.8~1.0hm2/h,優(yōu)于人工撒播作業(yè)效率0.1~0.125hm2/h、手搖撒播作業(yè)效率0.2~0.3hm2/h和電動(dòng)噴播作業(yè)效率0.5~0.8hm2/h,低于無(wú)人機(jī)飛播作業(yè)效率3~4hm2/h。

    Abstract:

    In order to solve the problems of low applicability of seed metering device, low quality of seeding operation and low production efficiency existing in the current seeding methods of green manure, a trough-hole combined type multi-variety green manure quantitative electric evenly-sowed mechanism was developed, the key components such as the pyramid seed box, the trough-hole combined type seed metering device and quantitative electric evenly-sowed components were designed. The sliding friction angles of the eight main green manure varieties were measured, and the minimum inclined surface angle of the designed pyramid seed box was 35.5°, on the basis of the seed size, totally 1000 grain weight and seed consumption of per unit area, the seeding channel of the trough-hole combined type seed metering device could be selected and the effective opening of the channel could be set as well, by using EDEM software, the simulation model of the evenly-sowed mechanism was built, and it was verified that the probability distribution of the seed fallen on the ground after colliding with the cylinder was quite consistent when the diameter of cylinder was ranged from 3.2mm to 6.8mm. Qingyijiang NO.1 was used as the test material, the multiple factor experiments, as well as regression analysis of the test data were carried out, the results showed that among the three factors in the experiment, the rotation speed of sowing wheel had the greatest influence on the emergence rate and uniformity variation coefficient of sowing, while the forward speed of machine had the least influence on the emergence rate and variation coefficient of sowing uniformity, regarding the stability variation coefficient of each row sowing quantity, the most influential factor was the even-distributed cylinder diameter, and the minimum impact factor was the rotation speed of sowing wheel, the optimal factor parameters combination which affected the sowing quality of the trough-hole combined type multi-variety green manure quantitative electric evenly-sowed mechanism was as follows: machine forward speed was 3.36km/h, rotation speed of sowing wheel was 44r/min,even-distributed cylinder diameter was 6.14mm. Verified by field experiments, the Astragalus smicus emergence rate was 96.49%, consistency variation coefficient of each row sowing quantity was 11.73%, variation coefficient of sowing uniformity was 8.67% in the condition of the optimal parameter combination, the relative error was below 6% compared with optimal values predicted by the model, which validated the optimal values of the three factors. Compared with the existing methods of sowing Astragalus smicus seeds, the designed trough-hole combined type multi-variety green manure quantitative electric evenly-sowed mechanism had a work efficiency of 0.8hm2/h to 1.0hm2/h, which was superior to the artificial sowing efficiency of 0.1hm2/h to 0.125hm2/h, the hand-shaking efficiency of 0.2hm2/h to 0.3hm2/h and the motorized sowing efficiency of 0.5hm2/h to 0.8hm2/h, which was lower than the UAV sowing efficiency of 3hm2/h to 4hm2/h. In addition, the seeding quality was also significantly superior to that of other methods, which had a good prospect for application.

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游兆延,徐弘博,高學(xué)梅,吳惠昌,顏建春,李忠義.槽穴組合式多品種綠肥定量電動(dòng)勻播裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s1):54-63. YOU Zhaoyan, XU Hongbo, GAO Xuemei, WU Huichang, YAN Jianchun, LI Zhongyi. Design and Experiment of Trough-hole Combined Type Multi-variety Green Manure Quantitative Electric Evenly-sowed Mechanism[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):54-63.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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