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水平渦輪葉片式精量排肥器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFD020060704)


Design and Experiment of Precision Fertilizer Distribution Mechanism with Horizontal Turbine Blades
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    摘要:

    為提高排肥均勻性,以大顆粒尿素為研究對(duì)象,設(shè)計(jì)了一種水平渦輪葉片式精量排肥器,對(duì)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)與機(jī)理分析,確定了影響排肥均勻性的影響因素和參數(shù)范圍,并基于離散元仿真軟件確定了對(duì)數(shù)螺旋線葉片曲面參數(shù)。以渦輪葉片數(shù)量、渦輪轉(zhuǎn)速和排肥口開(kāi)度為試驗(yàn)因素,進(jìn)行了排肥量的單因素試驗(yàn)和排肥均勻性的Box-Behnken多因素試驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明,排肥量與轉(zhuǎn)速呈良好的線性關(guān)系,決定系數(shù)R2不小于0.96,對(duì)于確定葉片數(shù)量的排肥渦輪,可匹配不同排肥口開(kāi)度的渦輪底盤(pán)并實(shí)時(shí)控制排肥渦輪轉(zhuǎn)速來(lái)調(diào)節(jié)排肥量,易于實(shí)現(xiàn)變量施肥作業(yè),且排量范圍內(nèi)排肥均勻性較好;渦輪葉片數(shù)和排肥口開(kāi)度的交互作用對(duì)排肥均勻性影響高度顯著,各因素影響的主次順序?yàn)闇u輪葉片數(shù)、渦輪轉(zhuǎn)速和排肥口開(kāi)度;當(dāng)渦輪葉片數(shù)為8個(gè)、渦輪轉(zhuǎn)速為98r/min、排肥口開(kāi)度為40°時(shí),排肥均勻性系數(shù)為97.24%,實(shí)際試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證結(jié)果與優(yōu)化結(jié)果相吻合;對(duì)磷酸二胺顆粒肥料的適應(yīng)性驗(yàn)證試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,兩種顆粒肥料排肥器排肥均勻性系數(shù)接近97%,排肥量穩(wěn)定性變異系數(shù)小于2%,排肥器具有較好的排肥均勻性和排量穩(wěn)定性;對(duì)比分析目前常用外槽輪排肥器,設(shè)計(jì)的水平渦輪葉片式精量排肥器有效地提高了顆粒肥料的排肥均勻性。

    Abstract:

    In order to improve the fertilization uniformity performance, large granule urea was taken as the research object. A horizontal turbine blade type precision fertilizer was designed. The key parameters were designed and analyzed. The influencing factors and parameter range were determined. And based on the discrete element simulation software, the surface parameters of logarithmic spiral blade were determined. Single-factor test of fertilizer amount and Box-Behnken test of uniformity of fertilization were carried out with number of turbine blades, turbine rotation speed and angle of fertilizer hole as the main factors. The test verified that the precision fertilizer distribution mechanism with one turbine had a better row fertilizer performance which was complied with the technical specifications of fertilization machinery quality evaluation. Also, the test result showed that the fertilizer amount per second of the fertilizer distribution mechanism with one turbine was decreased with the increase of rotation speed of turbine, showing a linear relationship with a correlation coefficient larger than 0.96. Therefore, the fertilizer distribution mechanism with one turbine can adjust the fertilizer amounts by varying the rotation speeding of turbine to meet the requirements of different fertilization. Therefore, the mechanism was easy to be used on the variable-rate fertilization technology. Using Design-Expert 8.0.6 data analysis software, multiple regression analysis and response surface analysis of experimental data were carried out. The regression model between the factors and qualified rate was established and influence of factors on indexes were analyzed. The influence relation of factors on the qualified rate was determined and the order of importance was number of turbine blades, turbine rotation speed and angle of fertilizer hole in turn. Based on the regression model, the parameters were optimized and the experimental verification was worked out. Results showed that the optimal parameter combination of angle of fertilizer hole, turbine rotation speed and number of turbine blades was 40°, 98r/min and 8, respectively. The test results were consistent with the theoretical analysis results. The results of adaptability verification test for diamine phosphate granular fertilizer showed that the uniformity coefficient was close to 97%, and the variation coefficient of fertilizer output stability was less than 2%, the fertilizer had good fertilization uniformity and stability performance. The horizontal turbine blade type precision fertilizer can effectively improve the fertilization uniformity of granular fertilizer by comparative analysis with common fertilizer with external groove wheel.

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劉彩玲,張福印,都鑫,姜萌,袁昊,劉泉.水平渦輪葉片式精量排肥器設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s1):165-174. LIU Cailing, ZHANG Fuyin, DU Xin, JIANG Meng, YUAN Hao, LIU Quan. Design and Experiment of Precision Fertilizer Distribution Mechanism with Horizontal Turbine Blades[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):165-174.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-01
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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