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基于超聲波傳感器的小麥追肥精準(zhǔn)評估系統(tǒng)研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0200600)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31760342)


Accurate Evaluation System for Wheat Topdressing Based on Ultrasonic Sensor
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    摘要:

    針對小麥追肥作業(yè)過程中開溝器易損苗傷根、追肥位置準(zhǔn)確性無法評估的問題,基于超聲波傳感器設(shè)計了小麥追肥精準(zhǔn)評估系統(tǒng),提出一種基于超聲波傳感器陣列交叉探測小麥追肥行的方法,實時評估追肥機(jī)具作業(yè)精度。系統(tǒng)由作業(yè)軌跡檢測部分、數(shù)據(jù)采集部分和數(shù)據(jù)分析評估部分組成,依靠安裝在追肥機(jī)具上的超聲波傳感器交叉掃描小麥追肥行,檢測追肥機(jī)具作業(yè)軌跡。采集器實時采集超聲波傳感器數(shù)據(jù),記錄追肥機(jī)具作業(yè)軌跡,采用閾值濾波算法對異常數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行篩選和剔除,利用卡爾曼濾波算法最優(yōu)估計當(dāng)前時刻電壓,根據(jù)目標(biāo)電壓和最優(yōu)估計電壓計算追肥機(jī)具偏移距離,進(jìn)行追肥機(jī)具作業(yè)精度評估。田間試驗結(jié)果表明:追肥機(jī)具作業(yè)速度為3~4km/h時,評估系統(tǒng)能夠準(zhǔn)確檢測出追肥機(jī)具作業(yè)精度,偏移誤判率為9%,最大誤差距離為3.15cm,誤差距離在2cm之內(nèi)的占比超過90%,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差均值為2.10cm,與實際作業(yè)情況相符。本評估系統(tǒng)可以實現(xiàn)在小麥追肥作業(yè)過程中,實時對追肥機(jī)具作業(yè)精度量化評估,為小麥精準(zhǔn)對行追肥作業(yè)精度評價提供了一種新的測量手段。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problem of damage to wheat seedlings caused by furrow cutters and failure to evaluate the accuracy of topdressing position in the process of wheat top dressing operation, a precise evaluation system of wheat topdressing based on ultrasonic sensor was studied to evaluate the accuracy of topdressing machine in real time. The system was composed of a work trajectory detection part, a data collection part, and a data analysis and evaluation part. The ultrasonic sensors were installed on topdressing machines to scan the wheat line and detect the operation track of the topdressing machines. The collected data were sent to the controller from each ultrasonic sensor by CAN bus in real time to keep tracking topdressing machine operation. The abnormal data were filtered out and eliminated threshold filter algorithm. The optimally current voltage was estimated by the Kalman filter algorithm. The offset distance of the fertilizing machine and the accuracy of the topdressing machine were calculated according to the difference between the target voltage and the optimal estimated voltage. Field experiment showed that the offset misjudgment rate was 9%, the maximum error distance was 3.15cm, the error distance during 2cm accounted for more than 90%, and the average standard deviation was 2.10cm, which was consistent with the actual operating conditions. In conclusion, the evaluation system provided a new means of measurement for evaluating the accuracy of wheat topdressing.

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李修華,顏森,高娜娜,安曉飛,武廣偉,孟志軍.基于超聲波傳感器的小麥追肥精準(zhǔn)評估系統(tǒng)研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2020,51(s1):203-209. LI Xiuhua, YAN Sen, GAO Nana, AN Xiaofei, WU Guangwei, MENG Zhijun. Accurate Evaluation System for Wheat Topdressing Based on Ultrasonic Sensor[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):203-209.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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