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基于振動的土壤挖掘阻力與耗能特性試驗研究
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0702103)、山東省自然科學基金面上項目(ZR2017MEE016)、山東省農(nóng)業(yè)重大應(yīng)用技術(shù)創(chuàng)新項目(SD2019NJ009-7)和山東省農(nóng)機裝備研發(fā)創(chuàng)新計劃項目(2017YF007、2018YF005-02)


Experimental Research on Soil Digging Resistance and Energy Consumption Based on Vibration
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    摘要:

    為了研究振動頻率、振動方向等參數(shù)對振動式土壤挖掘降阻特性和耗能特性的影響,設(shè)計開發(fā)了振動式土壤挖掘阻力試驗臺。經(jīng)理論分析、計算確定了振動挖掘機構(gòu)運動參數(shù)。在土壤平均相對濕度為27%、平均土壤堅實度為2.2MPa條件的室內(nèi)土槽系統(tǒng)中,在挖掘深度150mm、前進速度0.15~1.00m/s、振動頻率2~20Hz的因素條件下,利用該試驗臺開展了土壤振動挖掘阻力和耗能特性試驗研究。結(jié)果表明,振動式土壤挖掘能夠有效降低工作阻力,其降阻率先隨著振動頻率增大而增大,在2~20Hz頻率段,前后方向振動和垂向振動振幅分別為13mm和10mm時,其最大降阻率分別可達到21%和25%。降阻率在10~14Hz后增長速度變緩,表明該區(qū)間處于土壤的自振頻率區(qū)間。前后方向振動下土壤挖掘降阻率和振動速度與前進速度的比值有關(guān),當振動速度小于前進速度時,降阻率比較小,隨著振動頻率增加而緩慢增大;當振動速度大于前進速度后,在對應(yīng)的頻率點其降阻率會迅速上升,之后增長速度逐漸變緩。由于需要額外激振能量輸入,兩種振動方向的強迫振動式土壤挖掘綜合耗能并不減少,在振動頻率低于10Hz下,耗能比范圍在1~1.07,但超過10Hz后,耗能比會隨著振動頻率增大以較快速度增加。振幅的增大能夠使土壤挖掘阻力獲得一定的降低,但同時振動挖掘耗能有較大的增加。

    Abstract:

    In order to study the influence of vibration frequency, vibration direction and other parameters on the resistance reduction and energy consumption characteristics of vibrating agricultural soil digging, a vibration soil digging resistance test-bed was designed and developed. Through theoretical analysis and calculation, the motion parameters of the vibration digging mechanism were determined. In the indoor soil tank system with 27% soil moisture and 2.2MPa soil firmness, under the test conditions of 150mm digging depth, 0.15~1.00m/s forward speed and 2~20Hz vibration frequency, the experimental study on the characteristics of excavation resistance and energy consumption of vibration test soil was carried out by using the test-bed. The test results showed that the working resistance of the vibration soil digging can be effectively reduced. The resistance reduction was increased with the increase of vibration frequency, during the frequency of 2~20Hz, the maximum resistance reduction rates of forward-backward vibration and vertical vibration can reach 21% and 25%, respectively. The increasing rate of resistance reduction was slowed down after 10~14Hz, which indicated that the range was in the natural frequency range of soil. The resistance reduction rate of soil digging was related to the ratio of vibration speed and forward speed. When the vibration speed was less than the forward speed, the resistance reduction rate was relatively small and only increased slowly with the increase of frequency. When the vibration speed was greater than the forward speed, the resistance reduction rate would be risen rapidly at the corresponding frequency point, after that, the growth rate was gradually slowed down. Due to the need for additional excitation energy input, the comprehensive energy consumption of forced vibration soil digging in two vibration directions was not reduced. Under the vibration of less than 10Hz, the energy consumption ratio was in the range of 1~1.07, but when the vibration frequency exceeded 10Hz, the energy consumption ratio would be increased rapidly with the increase of frequency. The increase of amplitude can reduce the resistance of soil digging, but the energy consumption of vibration digging would be increased greatly.

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王東偉,王家勝,尚書旗.基于振動的土壤挖掘阻力與耗能特性試驗研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2020,51(s1):267-272. WANG Dongwei, WANG Jiasheng, SHANG Shuqi. Experimental Research on Soil Digging Resistance and Energy Consumption Based on Vibration[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):267-272.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-07-31
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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