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振動(dòng)式果樹根系斷切裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(CARS-27)和河北省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系水果創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目(HBCT2018100205)


Design and Analysis of Vibratory Root System Cutting Device for Fruit Trees
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)矮砧密植果園根系管控中根土復(fù)合體阻力過大,果樹根系斷切作業(yè)不理想等問題,設(shè)計(jì)一種振動(dòng)式果樹根系斷切裝置。對(duì)切割裝置受力模型分析可知,影響阻力的因素主要有鋸齒彎刀參數(shù)、根土復(fù)合體參數(shù)、根土復(fù)合體與鋸齒彎刀參數(shù)及作業(yè)方式參數(shù)。對(duì)振動(dòng)式果樹根系斷切裝置切割裝置進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)與分析,應(yīng)用有限元仿真軟件對(duì)切割裝置進(jìn)行切割根土復(fù)合體模擬分析,切割裝置振動(dòng)狀態(tài)下平均切削受力為236.97N,不振動(dòng)狀態(tài)下平均切削受力為432.35N,達(dá)到振動(dòng)減阻目的。切割裝置土槽試驗(yàn)表明,振動(dòng)狀態(tài)下所受水平合力均值均小于不振動(dòng)狀態(tài)下所受水平合力均值225.34N,振動(dòng)狀態(tài)下切割根土復(fù)合體作業(yè)效果良好,對(duì)根系以及土壤起到鋸切效果,減小切削阻力。通過振動(dòng)狀態(tài)下切割裝置切割根土復(fù)合體正交試驗(yàn)分析可知:最優(yōu)作業(yè)參數(shù)為偏心距20mm,轉(zhuǎn)速3r/s,土槽作業(yè)平臺(tái)前進(jìn)速度0.2m/s;土壤擾動(dòng)量的主要影響因素是偏心距和前進(jìn)速度;影響切割裝置入土穩(wěn)定性主要因素為偏心距和轉(zhuǎn)速,觀察作業(yè)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)得知入土深度穩(wěn)定,滿足入土要求。整機(jī)試驗(yàn)表明:根系平整切割占比左側(cè)為21.05%、右側(cè)為17.39%,鋸切占比左側(cè)為78.95%、右側(cè)為82.61%,由此可知,振動(dòng)式果樹根系斷切裝置作業(yè)過程中振動(dòng)斷切裝置對(duì)根土復(fù)合體起到鋸切效果,減小機(jī)具和切割裝置所受阻力,起到減阻效果;由試驗(yàn)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)可知,機(jī)具穩(wěn)定性良好,作業(yè)后留下20~25mm溝壑,與入土切割裝置厚度20mm一致。土壤外翻程度小,土壤彌合較好。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the problems of excessive resistance of the root-soil complex in the root system control of the short anvil dense planting orchard, and the unsatisfactory cutting operation of the fruit tree root system, a vibrating fruit tree root system cutting device was designed. The analysis of the force model of the cutting device showed that the main factors affecting the resistance were the parameters of the sawtooth machete, the parameters of the root-soil complex, the parameters of the root-soil complex and the sawtooth machete, and the parameters of the operation mode. The cutting device of the vibrating fruit tree root system was designed and analyzed, and the finite element simulation software was used to simulate and analyze the cutting device “root-soil complex”. The average cutting force of the cutting device under vibration was 236.97N, and under no vibration state the average cutting force was 432.35N, achieving the purpose of vibration drag reduction. The soil trough test of the cutting device showed that the average value of the horizontal resistance under the vibration state was less than the average value of 225.34N under the non-vibration state. The effect of cutting the “root-soil complex” under the vibration state was good, and it saw the root system and the soil. Through the orthogonal test analysis of the cutting device to cut the “root-soil complex” under vibration, it can be seen that the optimal operating parameters were eccentricity of 20mm, rotation speed of 3r/s, forward speed of soil trough working platform of 0.2m/s;the main influence factors of soil disturbance were eccentricity and forward speed;the main factors that affected the stability of the cutting device were eccentricity and speed. The test of the whole machine showed that the proportion of root leveling cutting was 21.05% on the left side, 17.39% on the right side, 78.95% on the left side and 82.61% on the right side for sawing. The result showed that the operation process of the vibrating fruit tree root cutting device had a sawing effect on the root-soil complex, reducing the resistance of the machine and the cutting device, and had a drag reduction effect;from the test site, it can be seen that the machine had good stability, leaving a 20~25mm ravine after operation. The thickness of the cutting device was the same as 20mm. The degree of soil eversion was small, and the soil was better. Through the design of vibrating fruit tree root system cutting device, finite element simulation analysis and soil tank test, it provided a idea for fruit tree root system cutting and provided a reference for the design of vibration drag reduction device.

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毛雷,王鵬飛,楊欣,李建平,李雪軍,李昕昊.振動(dòng)式果樹根系斷切裝置設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s1):281-291. MAO Lei, WANG Pengfei, YANG Xin, LI Jianping, LI Xuejun, LI Xinhao. Design and Analysis of Vibratory Root System Cutting Device for Fruit Trees[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):281-291.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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