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西北地區(qū)馬鈴薯機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)與差異性研究
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國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2018YFD0701101)和中央高?;究蒲袠I(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(2662015QC017)


Potato Production Technology and Difference of Mechanization Level in Northwest China
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    摘要:

    中國(guó)馬鈴薯種植區(qū)域分布廣泛,各產(chǎn)區(qū)自然資源條件、種植規(guī)模、產(chǎn)業(yè)化基礎(chǔ)、產(chǎn)業(yè)比較優(yōu)勢(shì)等基本條件差異較大。為更加全面地研究西北地區(qū)馬鈴薯機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀,通過(guò)實(shí)地調(diào)研問(wèn)卷,對(duì)典型馬鈴薯全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié),其主要包括種薯處理和田間機(jī)械化作業(yè)兩方面。田間機(jī)械化作業(yè)技術(shù)包括:翻耕/深松、整地、施肥、起壟、覆膜、種植、培土、除草、植保、殺秧、收獲、地膜回收。同時(shí),借鑒相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和技術(shù)規(guī)范,列舉各機(jī)械化作業(yè)環(huán)節(jié)的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),為系統(tǒng)地把握和評(píng)價(jià)該區(qū)域馬鈴薯機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)提供參考。此外,利用嵌套方差分析法和成對(duì)比較檢驗(yàn)法,對(duì)2008—2018年西北馬鈴薯主產(chǎn)區(qū)機(jī)械化水平進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,研究結(jié)果表明:建立嵌套方差分析模型P<0.001,理論模型具有意義,各?。▍^(qū))機(jī)械化水平差異顯著。馬鈴薯機(jī)械化發(fā)展的差異不同,造成差異的本質(zhì)原因也不同,各地應(yīng)立足區(qū)情,按照全面規(guī)劃、突出重點(diǎn),采用適合本區(qū)域的全程機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)模式,按照梯次推進(jìn)的原則,逐步縮小各省(區(qū))機(jī)械化發(fā)展的差距。

    Abstract:

    The potato planting areas are widely distributed, and the basic conditions of natural resources, planting scale, industrialization basis and industrial comparative advantage are different. To study the present situation of potato mechanization production in Northwest China comprehensively, the typical whole mechanized production process of potato in those regions were summarized through the method of field investigation and questionnaire, which included seed potato treatment and field mechanization. The field mechanization operation technology consisted of ploughing or deep loosening, land preparation, fertilization, ridging, film mulching, planting, soil cultivation, weeding, plant protection, killing seedling, harvesting, and film recycling. At the same time, the evaluation indexes of each operation link were listed with reference to relevant standards or technical specifications. It could provide a reference for grasping and evaluating the potato mechanized production technology systematically. Besides, the differences between the mechanization levels of potatoes in Northwest China were studied by using nested ANOVA method and paired comparison test to analyze the mechanization levels in 2008—2018. The results showed that the overall nested ANOVA model(P<0.001)was significant, and the level of mechanization in four provinces (regions) was various. The essential reasons for the difference were diverse as well. Therefore, the research emphatically expounded that governments should select appropriate planting technology in combination with the actual conditions of local potato production, adopt the whole mechanization production mode and reduce the differences between provinces (regions) in the promotion of potato technology in Northwest China.

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李濤,楊敏麗,張雄,張恩貴,程興田,汪孝林.西北地區(qū)馬鈴薯機(jī)械化生產(chǎn)技術(shù)與差異性研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2020,51(s1):307-313. LI Tao, YANG Minli, ZHANG Xiong, ZHANG Engui, CHENG Xingtian, WANG Xiaolin. Potato Production Technology and Difference of Mechanization Level in Northwest China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s1):307-313.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-11-10
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