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4MB-6型密植棉稈對行鏟拔鋪放機改進設(shè)計
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFD0300302)、兵團重大科技項目(2018AA001/03)和塔里木大學(xué)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)工程重點實驗室開放課題項目(TDNG2020201)


Improvement Design of 4MB-6 Row-controlled Shoveling and Drawing Placement Machine for Cotton-stalks in Close Planting
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    摘要:

    針對原4MB-6型密植棉稈對行鏟拔鋪放機田間性能試驗中存在的減阻裝置壅土嚴(yán)重、對行鏟切裝置處棉稈堆積、拔稈鋪放輥拔稈不連續(xù)及有效性差等問題,對該機具進行了改進設(shè)計;為進一步提高該機具的作業(yè)性能,對其核心工作部件的作業(yè)機理進行了分析;對行鏟切裝置采用原地放垡間隔作業(yè)技術(shù),當(dāng)鏟切深度約為115mm時,在1幅寬膜內(nèi)(2050mm),其底部虛實作業(yè)比例為1∶242,地表虛實作業(yè)比例為1∶0.59,該比例從地面到底部呈連續(xù)遞減趨勢,有利于降低作業(yè)功耗;在鏟切作業(yè)過程中,在梯形框架帶刃口的側(cè)板部分和鏟切板的擠壓、剪切作用下,棉茬周圍土壤被剪切和彎曲破壞、土壤-棉根系復(fù)合體產(chǎn)生失效被原位抬升于土壤上層,對其余土壤的擾動較小;齒型推拔輥采用反向推拔作業(yè)原理,有利于棉稈導(dǎo)入V形刀齒并進行有效夾持,由于其所起拔的棉稈已被鏟切抬升,且入土深度(0~10mm)小,因此進一步減小了整機作業(yè)功耗。田間試驗表明,改進后的機具整機作業(yè)性能穩(wěn)定,對行鏟切裝置工作流暢,實現(xiàn)了棉稈對行鏟切及原位抬升作業(yè)目標(biāo),齒型推拔輥能有效抓取棉稈,并進行切向甩拋使得整株棉稈根茬土壤分離、鋪放于田間,拔凈率為90.87%~91.42%,達(dá)到了整稈鏟拔的設(shè)計要求(拔凈率90%以上),是新疆棉區(qū)棉稈資源機械化收獲的適用設(shè)備。

    Abstract:

    Aiming at the existing problems in the field test of the primary 4MB-6 row-controlled shoveling and drawing placement machine for cottonstalks in close planting, such as severe soil hilling in the drag reduction device, cottonstalks accumulation in the rowcontrolled shoveling device, discontinuous operation and poor effectiveness of drawingplacing roller and so on, the primary machine were improved. In order to further improve the performance of machine, the working mechanism of main working parts should be analyzed. Adopting the technique of discharging furrow slice insitu and interval operation and when shoveling depth of the rowcontrolled shoveling device was about 11.5cm, the virtual and actual operation ratio of shoveling at bottom and surface was 1∶2.42 and 1∶0.59 respectively that was a continuous decreasing trend from the ground to the bottom, which was helpful to reduce operating power consumption of the machine. Under extrusion and shearing of shoveling plate and side panel with blade of trapezoid frame, the soil around soilroot composite were damaged by shearing and bending and soilroot composite were also damaged and uplifted insitu in upper soil during the process of shoveling, and the rowcontrolled shoveling device had little disturbance to the rest of the soil. The principle of reverse pushing and drawing was adopted when designing the pushingdrawing roller with tooth type. As the diameter of the main part of the cottonstalks was gradually increased from top to bottom, it was helpful to introduce the cottonstalks into Vshaped cutter and clamp the cottonstalks effectively. In addition, because the cottonstalks that would be pulled up was shoveled and lifted, and working depth of the pushingdrawing roller (0~10mm) was small, which both were helpful to further reduce the power consumption of whole machine. The results of field test showed that the improved machine had stable operation performance compared with the primary one. The rowcontrolled shoveling device could work smoothly and achieve the goal of rowcontrolled shoveling and uplifting insitu cottonstalks. The pushingdrawing roller with tooth type could clamp the cottonstalks effectively and separate the soil from soilroot composite when throwing cottonstalks tangentially, and it could also spread cottonstalks in the field. The pulling rate of the improved machine was 90.87%~91.42%, which could meet the design requirements of shoveling and drawing cottonstalks (the pulling rate should be greater than or equal to 90%). It was a suitable equipment for mechanized harvesting of the cottonstalks in Xinjiang cotton area.

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賀小偉,劉金秀,徐楊,王龍,高筱鈞,王旭峰.4MB-6型密植棉稈對行鏟拔鋪放機改進設(shè)計[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2020,51(s2):21-30. HE Xiaowei, LIU Jinxiu, XU Yang, WANG Long, GAO Xiaojun, WANG Xufeng. Improvement Design of 4MB-6 Row-controlled Shoveling and Drawing Placement Machine for Cotton-stalks in Close Planting[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2020,51(s2):21-30.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-08-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2020-12-10
  • 出版日期: 2020-12-10
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